Russian Journal of LinguisticsRussian Journal of LinguisticsRussian Journal of Linguistics2687-00882686-8024Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)1679210.22363/2312-9182-2017-21-3-587-604ArticlesСтатьиArticlesResearch ArticleRUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN NORTHERN NORWAY: HISTORICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL TIESРУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК В СЕВЕРНОЙ НОРВЕГИИ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ, ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИOlnovaMargaritaОльноваМаргаритаMargarita Olnova, Oslo, Norway. Currently working as a teacher and studying at the Oslo and Akershus University College (HioA) to become an interpreter for Norwegian and Russian. Research interests: sociolinguistics, commodification of the Russian language, bilingualism, multilingualism, language and culture.Маргарита Ольнова, Осло, Норвегия. В настоящее время работает преподавателем в школе и получает дополнительное образование устного переводчика (норвежский - русский) при Университетском колледже Осло и Акерсхуса (HioA). Cфера научных интересов: социолингвистика, коммодификация русского языка, билингвизм, мультилингвизм, язык и культура.margarita.olnova@yandex.ruCenter of Russian language and culture in OsloЦентр русского языка и культуры в Осло15122017213Commodification of russianКоммодификация русского языка58760416092017Copyright ©; 2017, Olnova M.Copyright ©; 2017, Ольнова М.Copyright ©; 2017, Olnova M.2017Olnova M.Ольнова М.Olnova M.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/16792This article addresses the topic “Commodification of the Russian language”. The author examines the process of commodification in the Norwegian city of Kirkenes and connects this phenomenon with the rise of the new economy and the current cooperation between Russia and Norway. The paper pre-sents an analysis of the linguistic landscape of Kirkenes, newspaper publications devoted to the “Russian Kirkenes” and interviews with Russian tourists and residents of the city. According to the author, the situation in Kirkenes illustrates the transition of the old economy into a new one: the former mining city turned into a tourist Mecca of the North, a center of cooperation of the Nordic countries. In such conditions, know-ledge of the Russian language becomes beneficial for the city's residents.Данная статья посвящена теме «коммодификация русского языка». Автор исследует процесс коммодификации в норвежском городе Киркенес и связывает данный феномен с расцветом новой экономики и активно развивающимся сотрудничеством между Россией и Норвегией. В работе представлен анализ лингвистического ландшафта Киркенеса, газетных публикаций, посвященных «русскому Киркенесу», и интервью с российскими туристами и жителями города. По мнению автора, ситуация в Киркенесе является яркой иллюстрацией перехода старой экономики в новую: бывший шахтерский город превратился в туристическую Мекку севера, центр сотрудничества северных стран. В этих условиях владение русским языком стало выгодным для жителей города.Russianlinguistic landscapescommodificationNorwayрусский языкязыковые ландшафтыкоммодификацияНорвегияBackhaus, P. (2006) Multilingualism in Tokyo: A look into the linguistic landscape. Durk Gorter, ed. Linguistic landscape: A new approach to multilingualism. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 52-66.Cameron, D. (2005) Communication and Commodification: Global Economic Change in Sociolinguis¬tic Perspective. In Guido Erreygers and Geert Jacobs (eds.) Language, Communication and the Economy, 9-23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Castells, M. (2000) The information age: economy, society and culture. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell.De Swaan, A. (2001) Words of the world: the global languages system. Cambridge: Polity.Duchêne, A. (2009) Marketing, management, and performance: Multilingualism as a commodity in a tourism call center. Language Policy 8, 27-50.Dyer, G. (1995) Advertising as Communication. London.Heller, M. (2003) Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity. Journal of sociolinguistics 7/4: 473-492.Kovshanova, O. (2007) The Development of the Russian Luxury Tourism Market in Parisian 4 and 5 Star Hotels: How to Increase the Occupancy Rate of Russians in Paris Luxury Hotels? MBA diss., Ecole Maxim’sLandry, R. and Richard Y. Bourhis (1997) Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An em¬pirical study. Journal of language and social psycology 16(1): 23-49.Munday, J. (2008) Introducing translation studies. Routledge.Pavlenko, A. (2008) Multilingualism in post-Soviet countries: Language revival, language removal, and sociolinguistic theory. International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism 11 (3-4): 275-314.Pavlenko, A. (2011) Commodification of Russian in post-1991 Europe. Globalisierung - Mig¬ration - Fremdsprachenunterricht. Dokumentation zum 24. Kongress für Fremdsprachendi¬daktik der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Fremdsprachenforschung. Hamburg, 28 September - 1 Oktober 2011.Pavlenko, A. (2017) Russian-friendly: how Russian became a commodity in Europe and beyond. In¬ternational journal of bilingual education and bilingualism 20 (4), 385-403.Shohamy, E., Gorter D., eds. (2009) Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery. New York: Rout¬ledge.Suryanarayan, N. (2017) From Yashwant Place to Yashka: a case study of commodification of Russian in India. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20 (4), 428-442.Vinay, J.-P., Darbelnet, J. (1995) Comparative Stylistics of French and English: a methodology for translation, In Juan Sager and Marie-Jo Hamel (eds.) Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Ben¬jamins.Нелюбин Л.Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь. М: Флинта: Наука, 2003. [Nelyubin, L. Tolkovyi perevodovedcheskii slovar' (2003). Moscow: Flinta: Nauka.]Прохоров Ю. Русский язык вновь востребован в мире. Русский мир.ru, 2009 (5). URL: http://www.russkiymir.ru/media/magazines/article/141682/ [Prokhorov, Yu. (2009) Russkii yazyk vnov’ vostrebovan v mire. (Russian Language is on demand again worldwide). Russkii mir.ru. 5. Retrieved from: http://www.russkiymir.ru/media/magazines/article/141682/ (In Russ.)]Серк-Ханссен К. Руссенорск, 2003. URL: http://www.kolamap.ru/library/russenorsk.htm [Serk-Hans¬sen, C. (2003). Retrieved from: http://www.kolamap.ru/library/russenorsk.htm (In Russ.)]Avtale mellom Kongeriket Norges regjering og Den Russiske Føderasjonens regjering om forenkling av gjensidige reiser for grenseboere i Kongeriket Norge og Den russiske Føderasjon. Oslo (2 November 2010). Retrieved from: https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/808495e45e1e4b 77901375f094eed668/ grenseboerbevisavtalenvedlegg19.pdf.Hagen, G. (2001) Lille Murmansk. Dagbladet. Retrieved from: http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/ lille-murmansk/65760134.Haugseth, P. (2016) Russland, vår nabo i øst. Nordlys. Nordnorsk debatt. Retrieved from http://nordnorskdebatt.no.Henmo, H. (2017) Disker opp over grensen. Magasinet for fagorganiserte. Utgave 5.Kirkenes Næringshage (2012) Strategisk næringssamarbeid mellom Pechenga og Sør-Varanger. Hvilken betydning kan en visumfri sone få for næringslivet i Sør-Varnager? Retrieved from http://knh.no.Pettersen, T. (8. November 2011) Nikel prepares for tourist boom. Barents Observer. Retrieved from http://barentsobserver.com/en/borders/nikel-prepares-tourist-boom-08-11.Rafaelsen, R. (2013) Kirkenes - Murmansk West. The Norwegian Barents Secretariat. Retrieved from https://soknad.barents.no/debatt-2/debatt/kirkenes-murmansk-west.2175.aspx.Sandvik, A. (04. Februar 2014) Sier opp jobben for å handle over grensa. iFinnmark. Retrieved from http://www.ifinnmark.no/sorsia/sier-opp-jobben-for-a-handle-over-grensa/s/1-49-7147158.Sandø, T. (03. Februar 2014) Russere sier opp jobben og satser på norskehandel. Sør-Varanger Avis. Retrivied from http://sva.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=1297.Storskog grensepasseringssted 2011-2014. Rapport for arbeidsgruppe. (16 mars 2011) Politi. Retrieved from https://www.politi.no/vedlegg/lokale_vedlegg/ostfinnmark/Vedlegg_1252.pdf.Statistisk Sentralbyrå. Tettsteder. Folkemengde og areal, etter kommune. (1.januar 2016). http://www.ssb.no/286024/tettsteder.folkemengde-og-areal-etter-kommune.1.januar-2016.Trellevik, A. (2017) Visumfrihet med russland betyr penger i kassen for Lars. Nrk. Finnmark. Re¬trieved from https://www.nrk.no/finnmark/visumfrihet-med-russland-betyr-penger-i-kassen-for-lars-1.13533254.