<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Linguistics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Linguistics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2687-0088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-8024</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-9182-2017-21-3-493-514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE AND OTHER SOCIOLINGUISTIC METHODS IN THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ABROAD</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ЛАНДШАФТЫ И ДРУГИЕ СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА ЗА РУБЕЖОМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>Aneta</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>Анета</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Dr. Aneta Pavlenko is Research Professor at the Center for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan at the University of Oslo, Norway, and Past President of the American Association for Applied Linguistics. Research interests: the relationship between multilingualism, cognition, and emotions, Russian sociolinguistics, and forensic linguistics.</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Доктор Анета Павленко - профессор-исследователь Центра исследований многоязычия Университета Осло в Норвегии и бывший Президент Американской ассоциации прикладной лингвистики. Сфера научных интересов: исследования многоязычия, мышления и эмоций, русская социолингвистика и судебная лингвистика.</bio><email>aneta.pavlenko@iln.uio.no</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centre of Multilingualism University of Oslo</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр мультилингвизма, Университет Осло</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Commodification of russian</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Коммодификация русского языка</issue-title><fpage>493</fpage><lpage>514</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Pavlenko A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Павленко А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2017, Pavlenko A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenko A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленко А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Pavlenko A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/16788">https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/16788</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">Fieldwork research, including the articles in the present special issue, shows that in the past decade Russian has become one of the most popular and widely used languages in the global service in-dustry, tourism, and marketing, alongside English and Chinese. This historic moment opens up new oppor-tunities for researchers studying the uses of Russian language abroad. The purpose of the article is to survey sociolinguistic methods used in the study of Russian language abroad.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Полевые исследования, включая исследования, представленные в статьях в данном выпуске, показывают, что в последние десять лет русский язык стал одним из наиболее востребованных и распространенных языков в зарубежной сфере обслуживания, туризма и маркетинга - наряду с английским и китайским. Этот исторический момент открывает новые возможности для исследований русского языка за рубежом. В статье предлагается обзор социолингвистических методов, используемых в исследованиях функционирования русского языка за рубежом.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian</kwd><kwd>sociolinguistic methods</kwd><kwd>linguistic landscapes</kwd><kwd>fieldwork</kwd><kwd>commodification</kwd><kwd>lingua franca</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русский язык</kwd><kwd>социолингвистические методы</kwd><kwd>языковые ландшафты</kwd><kwd>полевые исследования</kwd><kwd>коммодификация</kwd><kwd>лингва-франка</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Арефьев А. Современное состояние и тенденции распространения русского языка в мире. Москва: Институт социально-политических исследований РАН, 2017. [Aref'ev, A. (2017) Sovremennoe Sostoyanie i Tendentsii Rasprostraneniya Russkogo Yazyka v Mire. (Current Status and Trends of the Russian Language Expansion Worldwide). Moscow: Institut sotsial'no-politicheskikh issledovanii RAN (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Алос и Фонт Э. Лингвистический ландшафт г. Чебоксары и замечания по выполнению закона Чувашской Республики «О языках в Чувашской Республике». Сборник докладов научно-практической конференции «Ашмаринские чтения». Чебоксары, 2014. [Alos i Font, E. (2017) Lingvisticheskii landshaft g. Cheboksary i zamechaniya po vypolneniyu zakona Chuvashskoi Respubliki «O yazykakh v Chuvashskoi Respublike» (Regarding Languages in the Chuvash Republic). Sbornik dokladov nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Ashmarinskie chteniya» (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Беликов В., Крысин Л.А. Социолингвистика. Москва: Российский государственный гуманитар¬ный университет, 2001. [Belikov, V., Krysin, L. (2001). Sotsiolingvistika (Sociolinguistics). Moskow: Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi gumanitarnyi universitet (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Габдрахманова Г., Махмутов З., Сагдиева Э. Государственные языки Республики Татарстан в языковом ландшафте региона. Казань: Институт истории им. Ш. Марджани АН РТ. Из¬дательство «Артифакт», 2015. [Gabdrakhmanova, G., Makhmutov, Z., Sagdieva, E. (2015) Gosudarstvennye yazyki Respubliki Tatarstan v yazykovom landshafte regiona. (National Languages of Tatarstan in Regional Linguistic Landscape). Kazan': Institut istorii im. Sh. Mard¬zhani AN RT. Izdatel'stvo «Artifakt» (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Григорьев Л. Динамика спроса на туристские услуги в России. Бюллетень о текущих тенден¬циях российской экономики. Аналитический Центр при правительстве Российской Феде¬рации, 2016. [Grigor'ev, L. (2016) Dinamika sprosa na turistskie uslugi v Rossii. (The Demand Dynamics on Tourism Services) Byulleten' o tekushchikh tendentsiyakh rossiiskoi ekonomiki. Analiticheskii Tsentr pri pravitel'stve Rossiiskoi Federatsii (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Коломайнен Д. (2010) Русский язык в Египте, арабских странах и Африке. Mustajoki, A., Pro¬tassova, E. &amp; N. Vakhtin (eds.) Instrumentarium of linguistics: Sociolinguistic approaches to non-standard Russian. Helsinki University Press, 444-453. [Kolomainen, D. (2010) Russkii yazyk v Egipte, arabskikh stranakh i Afrike (Russian Language in Egypt, Arabic countries and Africa) (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Павленко А. (2016) Русский язык как лингва-франка в зарубежной сфере обслуживания. Мир русского слова, 1, 23-32. [Электронный ресурс: http://mirs.ropryal.ru/] [Pavlenko, A. (2016) Russkii yazyk kak lingva-franka v zarubezhnoi sfere obsluzhivaniya (Russian Language as Lingua-franca in foreign client’s service). Mir russkogo slova, 1, 23-32. Retrieved from: http://mirs.ropryal.ru/ (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Протасова Е. Русский язык в туристическом ландшафте зарубежья. Русский язык за рубежом. 2013 (5), 53-61. [Protassova, E. (2013) Russkii yazyk v turisticheskom landshafte zarubezh'ya. (Russian Language in Tourism Landscape Abroad) Russkii Yazyk za Rubezhom, 5, 53-61 (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Протасова Е. Особенности неродного русского в туристической сфере. Под ред. Н. Вахтина Языки соседей: мосты или барьеры? Проблемы двуязычной коммуникации. Санкт-Петер¬бург. 2011, 164-202. [Protassova, E. (2011) Osobennosti nerodnogo russkogo v turisticheskoi sfere. Pod red. N. Vakhtina Yazyki sosedei: mosty ili bar'ery? Problemy dvuyazychnoi kom¬munikatsii (Particularities of Russian as Second Language) St. Petersburg, 164-202. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Прохоров Ю. Русский язык вновь востребован в мире. Русский мир.ru. 2009, 5. [Prokhorov, Yu. (2009) Russkii yazyk vnov' vostrebovan v mire (Russian Language is on demand again worldwide). Russkii mir.ru. N. 5. Retrieved from: URL: http://www.russkiymir.ru/media/magazines/ article/141682/ (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Федорова Л. Л. Языковой ландшафт: город и толпа // Вестник Новосибирского государствен¬ного университета. Серия: История, филология. (2014), Т. 13, вып. 6: Журналистика. С. 70-80 [Fedorova, L. (2014) Yazykovoi landshaft: gorod i tolpa (Language Landscape: city and crowd). Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya. T. 13, vyp. 6: Zhurnalistika. S. 70-80. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Чайковская А. Люди и надписи. GEO, 2012, N 4 (169), C. 90-99. [Chaikovskaya, A. (2012) Lyudi i nadpisi (People and Labels). GEO, N 4 (169), C. 90-99 (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Backhaus, P. (2007) Linguistic landscapes: A comparative study of urban multilingualism in Tokyo. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Barni, M. &amp; C. Bagna (2009) A mapping technique and the linguistic landscape. In Shohamy, E. &amp; D. Gorter (eds.) Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery. New York/London: Routledge, pp. 126-140.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ben-Rafael, E., Shohamy, E., Amara, M. &amp; N. Trumper-Hecht (2006) Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International Journal of Multilingualism, 3, 1, 7-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Berezkina, M. (2017) Russian in Estonia’s public sector: ‘Playing on the borderline’ between official policy and real-life needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20, 4, 417-427.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Symbolic power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Brown, A. (2007) Status language planning in Belarus: An examination of written discourse in public spaces. Language Policy, 6, 281-301.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gorter, D. (2013) Linguistic landscapes in a multilingual world. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 190-212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Heller, M. (2010) The Commodification of Language. Annual Review of Anthropology 39, 101-114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Heller, M. &amp; A. Duchêne (2012) Pride and Profit: Changing Discourses of Language, Capital, and Nation-state. In Duchêne, A &amp; M. Heller (eds.) Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. New York: Routledge, 1-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kelly-Holmes, H. (2006) Multilingualism and Commercial Language Practices on the Internet. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 10, 4, 507-519.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Khudoikulova, N. (2015) Linguistic situation in Tajikistan: language use in public space. Russian Jour¬nal of Communication, 7, 2, 164-178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Landry, R. &amp; R. Bourhis (1997) Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16, 1, 23-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Leeman, J. &amp; G. Modan (2009) Commodified language in Chinatown: A contextualized approach to linguistic landscape. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 13, 3, 332-362.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Malinowski, D. (2009) Authorship in the linguistic landscape: A multimodal-performative view. In Shohamy, E. &amp; D. Gorter (eds.) Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery. New York/ London: Routledge, pp. 107-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Marten, H. (2010) Linguistic landscape under strict state language policy: Reversing the Soviet legacy in a regional center in Latvia. In Shohamy, E., Barni, M. &amp; E. Ben Rafael (eds.) Linguistic landscape in the city. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 115-132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2012) The linguistic landscapes of Chisinau and Vilnius - LL and the representation of minority languages in two post-Soviet capitals. In Gorter, D., Marten, H. &amp; L. Van Mensel (eds.) Minority languages in the linguistic landscape. Palgrave, pp. 204-224.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2013) Linguistic landscapes on the other side of the border: Signs, language and the construction of cultural identity in Transnistria. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 227, 25-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2014с) Informal signs as expressions of multilingualism in Chisinau: how individuals shape the public space of a post-Soviet capital. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 228, 29-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2014a) War, language removal, and selfidentification in the linguistic landscapes of Nagorno-Karabakh. Nationalities Papers, 42, 1, 63-87.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2017a) Russian as a commodity: medical tourism and the healthcare industry in post-Soviet Lithuania. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20, 4, 404-416.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Muth, S. (2017b) ‘The ideal Russian speaker is no Russian’: Language commodification and its limits in medical tourism to Switzerland. In S. Muth and A. Del Percio (eds.) Policing languages and speakers for commodification, Special issue, Language Policy, 1-21. doi: 10.1007/s10993-017-9434-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlenko, A. (2009) Language conflict in post-Soviet linguistic landscapes. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 17, 1-2, 247-274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlenko, A. (2010) Linguistic landscape of Kyiv, Ukraine: A diachronic study. In Shohamy, E., Barni, M.; E. Ben Rafael (eds.) Linguistic landscape in the city. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 133-150.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlenko, A. (2012) Transgression as the norm: Russian in linguistic landscape of Kyiv, Ukraine. In Gorter, D., Marten, H.; L. Van Mensel (eds.) Minority languages in the linguistic landscape. Palgrave, pp. 36-56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Pavlenko, A. (2017) Russian-friendly: How Russian became a commodity in Europe and beyond. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20, 4, 385-403.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Reh, M. (2004) Multilingual writing: A reader-oriented typology - with examples from Lira Munici¬pality (Uganda). International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 170, 1-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Suryanarayan, N. (2017) From Yashwant place to Yashka: A case study of commodification of Russian in India. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20, 4, 428-442.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Zabrodskaja, A. (2014) Tallinn: Monolingual from above and multilingual from below. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 228, 105-130.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>https://lenta.ru/news/2016/11/14/speak_russian/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>http://afrique.le360.ma/tunisie/economie/2016/11/13/7490-tunisie-les-russes-sauvent-la-saisontouristique-7490</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>http://www.tourbus.ru/news/11973.html</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
