Russian Journal of LinguisticsRussian Journal of LinguisticsRussian Journal of Linguistics2687-00882686-8024Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)1515310.22363/2687-0088-15153ArticlesСтатьиArticlesResearch Article“Let Me Tell You...”: Audience Engagement Strategies in the Campaign Speeches of Trump, Clinton, and Sanders«Вот что я вам скажу...»: стратегии манипулирования аудиторией в предвыборной речи Трампа, Клинтон и СандерсаQuamJustinКуамДжастинjq89@georgetown.eduRyshina-PankovaMarianaРышина-ПаньковаМарианнаryshinam@georgetown.eduGeorgetown UniversityУниверситет Джорджтаун15122016204Discourse Analysis in the 21st Century: Theory and Practice (I)Дискурс-анализ в 21 веке: теория и практика (I)14016008022017Copyright ©; 2016, Quam J., Ryshina-Pankova M.Copyright ©; 2016, Куам Д., Рышина-Панькова М.Copyright ©; 2016, Quam J., Ryshina-Pankova M.2016Quam J., Ryshina-Pankova M.Куам Д., Рышина-Панькова М.Quam J., Ryshina-Pankova M.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/15153Throughout the 2016 campaign, presidential candidate Donald Trump surprised observers with his ability to maintain his popularity in the face of unorthodox and often offensive statements. Trump likely bolstered his electoral chances by appealing to a large segment of voters with whom other candidates failed to align themselves. To quote one news anchor, “People tried to attack Trump; it just didn’t work - voters liked him anyway”. As previous work by Miller (2002; 2004) has shown, systemic functional linguistic (SFL) analysis (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) can illuminate particular strategies politicians employ to strengthen their arguments and exhort their audiences to join their efforts. In this paper, we employ the SFL-based Engagement framework (White, 2003; Martin & White, 2005) to examine ways in which the 2016 presidential candidates aligned themselves with their audiences. Our analysis of the speeches of Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders reveals markedly different patterns of interaction with the voters in terms of ways expansive and contractive dialogic strategies are used, an intended audience is identified and thematized, and shared assumptions are made. While Trump makes his arguments in a highly constrained dialogic space, taking the agreement with the audience for granted, his opponents often employ a mix of contractive and expansive argumentative strategies and make more explicit overtures to the audiences whose perspectives they share. This study offers insights as to how each candidate identifies and addresses his or her ideological sympathizers or opponents and exhorts the former to intensify their support.Во время предвыборной кампании 2016 г. кандидат на пост президента Дональд Трамп удивил своей способностью поддерживать популярность несмотря на неподобающие и часто оскорбительные высказывания. Вероятно, Трамп увеличил свои шансы на победу, обращаясь к тому значительному сегменту электората, которые не встали на сторону других кандидатов. В одной телевизионной программе было сказано: «Люди пытались дискредитировать Трампа, но ничего не вышло - он все равно нравился избирателям». Как утверждают исследователи (Miller 2002; 2004), благодаря системно-функциональному лингвистическому анализу (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) можно выявить конкретные стратегии, которыми пользуются политики для подкрепления своих аргументов и побуждения аудитории поддержать их. В данной статье мы опираемся на модель взаимодействия (Engagement framework) (White, 2003; Martin & White, 2005), основанную на системно-функциональном анализе для определения приемов, с помощью которых кандидаты на пост президента 2016 г. привлекали симпатии избирателей. Проведенный нами анализ речи Дональда Трампа, Хиллари Клинтон и Берни Сандерса показал совершенно разные способы взаимодействия с аудиторией в плане использования экспансивной и контрактивной диалогических стратегий, определения целевой аудитории и общих взглядов. В выступлениях Трампа прослеживается тенденция вести диалог в узком диалогическом пространстве, в котором аудитория по определению с ним согласна, в то время как его соперники часто сочетают контрактивную и экспансивную аргументативные стратегии и ведут более открытый диалог с аудиторией, чьи идеи они разделяют. В статье исследуется, как каждый из кандидатов определяет свою аудиторию и обращается к сторонникам или противникам своих политических взглядов и призывает их оказать им поддержку.discourse analysispolitical discoursepolitical speechesdialogue space communication strategiesдискурс-анализполитический дискурсполитическое выступлениекоммуникативные диалогические стратегии[Anderson, K.V. (2002). 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