Editor-in-Chief: Oleg A. Yastrebov, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Economics, full professor ISSN: 2313-2337 (Print) ISSN: 2408-9001 (Online) Founded in 1997. Publication frequency: quarterly PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Open Access: . APC: no article processing charge Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English Indexation: White List, Russian Index of Science Citation, RSCI, DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat, Cyberleninka, Dimensions, ResearchBib, Lens, Research4Life, JournalTOCs, British Library, Bodleian Libraries (University of Oxford), Ghent University Library
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
The right of authorship belongs to the authors of articles. The authors transfer the rights to use the article (including the use and distribution of an article in the Open Access) to the publisher of the journal on a non-exclusive license (Publishing Agreement (Public Offer)). At the same time, authors remain full rightsholders. Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'RUDN Journal of Law' The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Kostin Andrey Alexandrovich, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0036-03/21-163 dated 12.10.2021, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Law', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms. 1. General Terms and Conditions 1.1. Pursuant to Clause 2 of the Article 437 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Agreement shall be recognized as the public offer, hereinafter referred to as the Offer. Subject to Article 438 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Offer shall be deemed to have been completely and irrevocably accepted after the Author had submitted his/her materials by uploading those onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Information and Communication Network known as the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Internet. 1.2. Pursuant to the Russian Federation effective law as applicable to compliance with the copyright to electronic information resources, no materials from any site, electronic journal or project may be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, either in a hard or soft copy, without a prior consent from the Journal's authors and editorial staff, which may be expressed by posting a respective consent (open license Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 CC BY-NC) in the relevant section of the Journal's site on the Internet. Whenever any published materials are used within the context of other documents, a reference to the original source needs to be specified. 1.3. The Journal is registered by the Federal Oversight Service for Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (RosKomNadzor). 2. Terms Used in This Agreement The Author is an individual (or individuals) whose creative labor has produced the Article. The Offer Acceptance means a complete and irrevocable acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Clause 3 hereof (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e. by uploading the Article along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Journal means an academic periodical named 'RUDN Journal of Law'. The Application means an electronic request of the Author addressed to the Publisher for publishing the Article in the Journal by uploading the Article and support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Publisher is the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN), being the Journal's founder and publisher. The Article's Metadata means any materials in Russian and English intended to be included into the Science Citation database as per the original version of the Article such as the Article title; authors' details (full last name, first name, patronymic, present employer of each author with indication of the postal code, contact details (e-mail) of each author; abstract; keywords; topical classifications: UDC or any other bibliographic and library classification, and subject indices; bibliography (list of references). The Offer means this document (offer to the Author) to publish an Article by uploading it onto the site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Internet. The Publication means the act of publishing the Article in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Staff means a creative team engaged in preparing the Journal for publication. The Editorial Board is an advisory body of the Journal's Editorial Office. The Article means a result of fundamental and applied scholarly efforts in the form of a scholarly material, scientific review material, scientific message, bibliographical review on specific topics of the scholarly study, and background information on Russian and foreign scientists submitted by the Author for publication in the Journal. The Parties mean the Author and the Publisher. The Article Requirements mean requirements to the materials published in the Journal's section named "To Authors" of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/about/submissions#authorGuidelines on the Internet. The Service means publication of the Article in the Journal as per the Author's application. 3. Subject Matter of the Agreement (Offer) 3.1. Subject to this Agreement, the Author shall provide the Publisher at no expense for the copyright duration as stated by the Russian Federation legislation with a non-exclusive license for use of the Author-created Article for the purpose of its publication in the Journal. 3.2. The rights to use this Article as assigned hereunder shall include but not limited to: reproduction of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English in any material form whatsoever, including soft and hard copy forms, as an individual work product in periodicals and/or databases (whether local or web-based) owned by the Publisher and/or any other persons at the discretion of the Publisher; dissemination of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English on any media as part of the Journal and/or databases owned by the Publisher or any other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher, or as an individual work product, worldwide via open access or by subscription without payment of any fee to the Author; making public the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English so that any person could access the Article from any location and at any time of his/her choice (including via the Internet); issuing permissions to use the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English to any third parties while notifying the Author by publishing the respective information on the Journal's site without payment of any fee to the Author; processing, including translation of the Article (including translation into foreign languages), and use of the processed (translated) Article in any manner specified above; any other rights, not expressly assigned to the Publisher hereunder, including patent rights to any processes, techniques or methods, and other means, described by the Author in the Article, as well as trademark rights, shall be retained by the Author. 3.3. No territorial restrictions will be applied to the use of rights to the Article. 3.4. This Agreement shall become effective from the time the Article is submitted to the Journal, i.e. uploaded along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Article Upload. 3.5. The rights shall be assigned by the Author to the Publisher at no expense, and the Article publication in the Journal shall not result in any financial contribution to the Author. 3.6. If the Publisher decides to refuse to publish the Article in the Journal, this Agreement shall cease to be in force. A decision to refuse publication shall be sent to the Author via the e-mail address specified in the Application. 3.7. The Publisher undertakes, throughout the currency of this Agreement, to provide to the Author the services associated with publication of the Article on the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law on the Internet. 4. General Terms of the Services Provision 4.1. The Publisher shall provide the services to the Author only if: the Author submits all materials compliant with the Offer requirements by way of the Article Upload; the Author Accepts the Offer. 4.2. The services shall be provided to the Author free of charge. 4.3. If any materials submitted by the Author are found in breach of rules and requirements of this Offer, the Publisher shall have a right to refuse to publish those. 4.4. The Publisher shall not be responsible for any third-party unauthorized use of the data provided by the Author during the currency of this Agreement. 5. Rights and Responsibilities of the Parties 5.1. The Author warrants that: he/she is the valid holder of exclusive rights to the Article; rights granted to the Publisher hereunder were not earlier assigned and will not be assigned to any third parties prior to publication of the Article by the Publisher in the Journal; the Article contains all the references to cited authors and/or sources (materials) that are required by the effective copyright law; the Author has obtained all required licenses to results, facts and other borrowed materials used in the Article where the Author is not a copyright holder; the Article does not contain any materials that may not be published in public sources in accordance with the effective Russian Federation statutory instruments, and the Article publication and dissemination will not involve any disclosure of classified (confidential) information, including state secrets; the Author has familiarized himself with the editorial policy and ethical principles published on the Journal website (http://journals.rudn.ru/law/about/editorialPolicies) and the consequences of violating these principles, has advised other Co-authors of the terms of this Agreement and has received consents from all the Co-authors to conclude this Agreement under the terms hereunder. 5.2. The Author undertakes to: submit a manuscript of the Article as per the Requirements to articles; avoid using the soft copy of the Article produced by the Publisher for commercial purposes and in other periodicals; while preparing the Article for publication, the Author undertakes to: make edits specified by readers and approved by the Journal's Editorial Office in the text of the Article and/or revise the Article following the Publisher's request, where necessary; proofread the Article within the timeframes specified in the Journal publication schedule; make only such edits in the proof that are minimally required to correct errors made in the Article original and/or introduce factual and momentary changes. 5.3. The Author is entitled to: pass to any third party a soft copy of the published Article provided by the Publisher pursuant to Clause 5.4 hereof for the Article to be incorporated, in whole or in part, into a scientific information database or repository in order to promote academic or scholarly investigations or for informational and educational purposes subject to the Author, Journal and Publisher being properly referenced. 5.4. The Publisher undertakes to: publish the Author's Article, in soft or hard copy form, in the Journal in accordance with the terms hereof; provide the Author with the proof of the Article and make reasonable edits as requested by the Author, where required, following the Journal's Editorial resolution; provide the Author with the soft copy of the published Article by sending it to the Author's e-mail address within 15 business days of the Journal issue's publication; respect the Author's rights established by the effective law, protect those and use best endeavors to prevent any copyright infringements by third parties. 5.5. The Publisher is entitled to: carry out technical and literary editing of the Article such that its basic content would remain unchanged; review the Article and suggest appropriate changes to the Author, and elect not to publish the Article if the Author fails to introduce such changes; require from the Author and/or other persons that the Journal, Publisher, Author and any other copyright holder, as well as the title of the Article, Journal issue identification and a year of publication as specified in the Journal be properly referenced whenever the Journal and/or the Article, including any individual part or fragment thereof, are used by any of the above-mentioned individuals thereafter; publish preliminary and/or advertising information on the forthcoming publication of the Article in mass media and any other information sources; establish rules (conditions) for acceptance and publication of materials in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Board, headed by the Editor-in-Chief, shall enjoy an exclusive right to accept and/or reject any materials submitted to the Journal's Editorial Office for publication purposes. No manuscript (tangible medium) submitted by the Author to the Journal's Editorial Office will be subject to return. The Journal's Editorial Staff will not enter into any correspondence regarding the rejection of the Article by the Journal's Editorial Board; suspend provision of services to the Author hereunder temporarily for technical, technological and other reasons preventing the services from being provided for the duration of remedial activities; suspend services hereunder in accordance with civil procedures if: the Article does not correspond to the topics covered by the Journal or by any part thereof, or the submitted material is found insufficient for the individual publication, or the Article design is found at variance with the requirements imposed; the Author is in breach of any other obligations assumed under the Offer arrangement; introduce changes to the Offer as per the procedure established by the Offer. 5.6. Unless otherwise provided or stated herein, the Parties shall refer to the effective legislation of the Russian Federation. 6. Offer Acceptance and Conclusion of the Agreement. The Term of the Agreement 6.1. This Agreement shall become effective when concluded, i.e. when the Author Accepts the Offer by sending an application to the Publisher, that is, by uploading the Article (Article Upload), and remain in effect for five years. 6.2. The Offer Acceptance constitutes an Agreement made in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Russian Federation Civil Code) under the Offer terms. 6.3. Unless any of the Parties sends to the other Party a written notification of the Agreement termination no later than two months prior to the end of the specified five-year period, the duration of the Publisher's copyright to the Work shall be automatically extended by the similar period. The number of extensions is not limited. 6.4. The term of the Agreement may not exceed the duration of exclusive rights to the Article pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation. 6.5. Whenever the Author assigns (disposes of) its exclusive rights to the Work to any third party, this Agreement shall remain in effect. 7. Agreement Modification and Termination Procedure 7.1. The Publisher shall have a right to unilaterally modify the terms of this Agreement by giving a prior notice to the Author, at least ten (10) calendar days before such modifications become effective, to the Author's e-mail address specified in the Author's application or via the Journal's site. These modifications shall become effective from the date specified in the respective notice. 7.2. If the Author disagrees with any modification in the terms of this Agreement, the Author shall have a right to submit a written notice of his/her withdrawal from this Agreement by uploading it onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review, available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/law/author/submit/1 on the Internet. 7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early: at any time by mutual agreement of the Parties; or otherwise as stipulated herein. 7.4. The Author shall have a right to cancel this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a respective notice in writing at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the intended date of the Author's Article publication in the Journal. 7.5. The termination of this Agreement for any reasons shall not release the Parties from responsibility for breach of any Agreement terms during the currency hereof. 8. Liability 8.1. A Party which has failed to perform its obligations under this Agreement, either in full or in part, shall be held liable pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation in force. 8.2. All the data provided by the Author shall be trustworthy. The Author shall be responsible for completeness and reliability of the data provided to the Publisher. The use of untrustworthy information obtained from the Author shall not entail any responsibility upon the Publisher for any adverse effects resulting from its actions based on such untrustworthy information. 8.3. The Author shall take full personal responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Russian Federation law on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights. 8.4. The Publisher shall not be held responsible hereunder for: any actions resulting directly or indirectly from the actions of the Author; any loss incurred by the Author whether or not the Publisher was in a position to predict such loss. 8.5. The Publisher shall be relieved from any responsibility for non-compliance with the terms of this Agreement if such non-compliance is a result of a force-majeure event such as an act of state authorities, including adoption of legal instruments, fire, flood, earthquake, other natural calamities, loss of power and/or computer network failure, strikes, civil commotions, riots, and any other similar events. 9. Dispute Resolution Procedure 9.1. Any disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties by negotiations, and if the Parties fail to reach an agreement, these shall be resolved in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 9.2. If any disagreements remain unresolved, the Parties shall settle those at the location of the Publisher in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 10. Miscellaneous 10.1. Any notifications, messages, requests etc., excluding documents which need to be forwarded in original form pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation, shall be deemed to have been received by the Author, if delivered (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal's site, including by publishing those, by fax or e-mail specified in the Application, or using other communication facilities. The Parties acknowledge validity of notifications, messages, requests etc. delivered (sent) using the above-listed methods. 10.2. Where the Publisher becomes subject to any claims related to non-compliance with an exclusive copyright or other intellectual property right of any third party during the writing of the Article or in connection with conclusion of this Agreement by the Author, the Author undertakes to: immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants; reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder. 10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers. 10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation. 10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services. 10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article. 11. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Address: Mikluho-Maklaya st., 6, Moscow, 117198 TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323. Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin
Medical privacy and liability for its violation: The experience of the U.S. and Canada
The aim of this research paper is to conduct a comparative legal study of medical privacy protection based on the regulatory practices of the United States and Canada. The research relevance stems from the growing role of information in the modern world, driven by the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the emergence of new challenges related to unauthorized access to personal data. Medical information is treated as sensitive data requiring special protection due to its direct and intimate connection to specific individuals. This explains the specialized regulations in the US and Canada to safeguard medical privacy, backed by liability measures. The study employs the following methods: system analysis, which examines medical privacy protection systems holistically in each country; comparative legal analysis, which juxtaposes specific regulatory aspects of liability for medical privacy violations; analogy, which identifies similarities and parallels across jurisdictions; induction, which extracts common features from particular provisions; and retrospective analysis, which traces the historical evolution and refinements in medical privacy protection. The research yields several conclusions regarding both countries and assesses development trends in medical privacy protection in the US and Canada.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kolosova N.M., Leschenkov F.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Technological Neutrality of Norms: Prospects for Implementing a Legal Concept
Technological neutrality of legal norms is a category that lacks a single, substantive meaning applicable across most spheres of human activity. In scientific research, lawmaking and law enforcement, this category is invoked to address different problems. The purpose of the article is to assess the prospects for constructing legislation based on the idea of technological neutrality of norms and to evaluate the feasibility of using this category in lawmaking. The article analyses the main domains in which technological neutrality is discussed in scholarship and official documents, namely information technology, telecommunications and cryptography and considers the technological neutrality of potential regulatory solutions concerning crypto-assets. The research relies on formal-logical, formal-dogmatic, comparative and systemic methods. It argues that the idea of technological neutrality of norms can become an interdisciplinary scientific concept if researchers reach at least a working consensus on the meaning of this category. The article concludes that using the category of “technological neutrality” is possible and appropriate in specialized legislative acts and strategic planning documents, provided that the context clearly delineates the boundaries of such neutrality. At the same time, the system of norms should be structured around necessary restrictions on the use of technologies to protect human interests, taking into account the nature of particular technologies and the cultural characteristics of society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Boldyrev V.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Planning of Regional Legislative Activities and its Legal Significance
Given the growing role of law in public administration and social regulation, studying legal technologies that rationalize the legislative process and enhance the quality of enacted laws holds significant scientific value. One such technology is planning of law-drafting activities, which optimizes the sequence of law creation, improves coordination among lawmakers, and strengthens oversight of legal objectives. Planning is actively used in the subjects of the Russian Federation, many of which have adopted regulatory legal acts governing the development and implementation of law-drafting plans. As a result, the regions of Russia have developed their own, sometimes unique, approaches to the organization and legal regulation of planning relations. The purpose of the work is to study and organize the diversity of law-drafting planning technologies used in the subjects of the Russian Federation. To achieve this, a classification of the approaches to organizing the planning process established in Russia’s regions has been conducted, categorizing them by type and subtype using criteria of legal significance. This purpose is achieved through the use of systematic, structural-functional, formal-legal, comparative legal, and legal modeling methods. The formulated conclusions are based on the results of an analysis of acts of federal and regional legislation regulating the planning of law-drafting activities and the practice of their application, strategic documents, as well as scientific research by domestic and foreign authors. Based on the classification, planning technologies were identified whose application will improve the efficiency of the legislative process and the quality of adopted laws. Proposals for improving the legal framework for planning relations were put forward and substantiated. The results obtained can form the basis for further doctrinal developments in the field of legal theory and lawmaking theory and be used in practical lawmaking.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kapitanov K.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Territoriality instead of territory: Resolving the fundamental contradiction of spatial theory
The topic’s relevance stems from the dominant view in Russian jurisprudence that a state’s territory constitutes a portion of the Earth’s surface under its authority. This perspective pervades legal scholarship, encyclopedic sources, and the spatial theory prevalent in the 20th century. Yet, spatial theory contains an unresolved contradiction: it defines the state as a social community while treating territory as an element of objective physical reality. Russian political science, meanwhile, traditionally includes territory as an element or attribute of the state. This discrepancy fosters inadequate comprehension of the state-territory relationship, with implication for its legal regulation. The article’s purpose is to propose a conception of state territory aligned with the state’s social essence. Employing formal-legal, sociological, and historical methods, the author argues that territory should be reconceived as an artificially delimited, continuous segment of the Earth’s surface hosting social phenomena and processes. In this framework, territory is neither an element nor an attribute of the state-community. Instead, the state exhibits territoriality - its interconnection with physical space - a concept absent from Russian jurisprudence but illuminated by sociological and political science studies of community territoriality. The author delineates territoriality in two senses: broadly, as the state-community’s (people/population’s) permanent habitation on a delimited portion of the Earth’s surface; narrowly, as the state’s demarcation and control (appropriation) of physical space. In the narrow sense, territoriality serves as a defining attribute of the state, resolving spatial theory’s contradiction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Praskova S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Anti-Crime Potential of Machine Learning: Predictive Analytics for Preventing Digital Terrorism Activities
Advances in digital technology - particularly Web3’s pseudonymity and decentralized naming systems, combined with information flows’ anonymity, accessibility, and cross-border nature - enable terrorist organizations to recruit members and perpetrate discrete socially dangerous acts. Conventional reactive counterterrorism measures prove inadequate against rapid illicit content dissemination that leaves detectable digital traces. This study explores artificial intelligence’s (AI) counter-criminal potential on machine learning and predictive analytics for proactively identifying and preventing terrorist activity through behavioral indicators and digital footprints that facilitate a strategic shift to proactive security paradigms. The research develops a multimodal analytical framework integrating natural language processing, computer vision, audio analysis, and social network analysis, detailing the complete machine learning pipeline from data preprocessing to model deployment. It examines the “RED-Alert” system as practical implementation and proposes a novel “Threshold Adaptive Intervention” (PORA) module utilizing graph neural networks and time-series analysis for digital risk assessment. Machine learning excels at threat detection and digital evidence generating, necessitating reevaluation of internet service providers’ (ISP) liability - particularly collective digital inaction. A differentiated liability framework accounts for providers’ technical influence while treating AI-derived risk indicators as ancillary tools for establishing individual culpability. Machine learning and predictive analytics enable a strategic shift to proactive counterterrorism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Madzhumayev M.M., Kuznetsova O.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transformation of Soviet marriage and family legislation in the post-war period (1945-1960)
The study analyzes discussions surrounding 1968 amendments to the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Marriage and Family, driven by post-war reconstruction needs. The study reveals law-society interaction mechanisms under centralized governance and evaluates long-term impacts on gender relations and demographic policy. Despite extensive Soviet family law scholarship, post war anti-abortion campaigns and children’s rights evolution remain underexplored. Employing historical and historical-legal methods, the research compares pre- and post-Great Patriotic War family legislation, identifying key developments in parental and child legal status. Primary sources from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF) constitute the evidential base. The analysis demonstrates a systematic state strategy for family welfare (1945-1960) through operational legislative measures strengthening family ties. The 1968 Fundamentals prioritized legal status of children born out of wedlock, child-rearing conflict resolution, paternity establishment, and alimony regulations for child and spousal support. Inadequate regulation consistently violated children’s rights - a core concern of modern family law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Epifanov A.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Metric books in imperial Russia: Church recording vs. legal proof (18th - early 20th centuries)
The study distinguishes ecclesiastical from legal aspects in Russian Empire parish registers (metric books) spanning the 18th to early 20th centuries. These underutilized sources illuminate state-church interactions in marriage-family regulation and beyond. Analysis of legislative evolution repeals metric books’ multifaceted role: recording church sacraments (birth, marriage, baptism) while supporting military conscription, civil service, taxation, and judicial identification. Frequent errors, omissions, and corrections limited metric books’ standalone evidentiary value; courts required corroboration from additional documents and witness testimony. The research highlights scholarly debates on transferring registry management from ecclesiastical to secular authorities, alongside judicial challenges in proving birth and marriage records, and priests’ inadequate administrative support. Judicial practice established that consistory baptism certificates and clerical marriage records gained presumptive validity, insulating them from secular court challenge. Secular disputes could only concern third-party declarations recorded by clergy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mun V.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Contemporary American Theories on the Violent Causes of the Origin of State and Law
In the contemporary world, where debates about state power, law, justice, and the effectiveness of public administration continue unabated, understanding the origins of these categories is becoming increasingly important. Contemporary American theories have made a significant contribution to elucidating not only the causes of their emergence but also the resulting nature of these categories. Drawing on the fundamental legacy of classical political and legal thought, these authors, substantiate the role of coercion, conflict, and war in catalyzing the emergence of the first state formations and legal systems. Accordingly, a detailed examination of this issue is particularly relevant for legal theory. The purpose of this article is to identify the significance of violent causes in the emergence of the state and law in contemporary American theories. This goal is pursued by analyzing the contributions of individual theories to understanding the historical process of the formation of state and legal institutions, with particular attention to their empirical foundations. The theoretical basis of the study consists of the works of contemporary American representatives of the Chicago School of Economic Analysis of Law, as well as scholars from related social sciences, including political science, sociology, and history, along with game theory as a branch of mathematical analysis applicable to law. The research methodology relies on tools traditional to historical and legal scholarship. General philosophical and scientific methods are employed while among the specific scientific methods, in addition to legal ones, historical methods play an important role, including historical-genetic, historical-comparative, and historical-typological approaches. The study concludes that a high frequency of conflicts and clashes does indeed stimulate the emergence of centralized authority to protect against external and internal threats and, as a consequence, leads to the formation of the state and law as mechanisms for creating public goods through taxation. However, this is not the only factor, and violent causes should be considered alongside other social, economic, and cultural determinants of state and legal development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kolosov I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Legal nature and public authority of the Sirius federal territory
The article examines the novel institution of federal territories within Russian statehood, introduced by 2020 Constitutional amendments and operationalized through the Sirius federal territory. This first domestic experience reveals distinctive features in public authority structure compared to both traditional Russian governance and foreign analogues. Critical analysis is essential for refining related legislation. The study elucidates the legal nature, characteristics, rationale, and governance apparatus of federal territories, with particular attention to international practices (USA, Australia, India). It analyzes Sirius power structures and its relationships with federal and Krasnodar Krai authorities. The research draws on Russian/foreign legislation, scientific literature, and Constitutional Court practice, employing systemic, analytical, classification, deductive, and formal-legal methods. Key findings include: (1) diverse creation factors determine varying autonomy levels (primary classification criterion); (2) “Sirius” embodies federal-territorial authority; (3) despite public-legal independence, federal territories retain administrative-territorial status within constituent entities (dual status).
Copyright (c) 2026 Basiev M.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of Private Property Law: A Comparative Analysis
The article is devoted to a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the genesis and evolution of private property law. The study covers a wide historical period - from antiquity to the present - and examines the development of this institution in various legal systems (Roman law, the law of Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece, Russian pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern constitutional law, as well as the experience of the USA, Germany, France, China, and other countries). The relevance of the work stems from the fundamental role of private property as the foundation of legal systems and economic development, as well as the need to identify common trends and national peculiarities in its regulation at present. The purpose of this work is to determine universal and specific patterns in the development of constitutional and legal regulation of social relations in the sphere of private property. The work sequentially addresses the tasks of studying its origin, stages of historical development, and modern constitutional and legal status. The scientific novelty lies in combining historical-legal retrospect with synchronous comparative analysis, which enables proposing a periodization of the evolution of the institution and formulating conclusions about the convergence of national models. The key conclusion of the article is the transformation of private property law: from an absolute individual right, it has evolved into an institution performing a social function, accompanied not by a weakening but by a strengthening of its guarantees through the development of international legal protection mechanisms and the activities of constitutional justice bodies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saudakhanov M.V., Chikhladze L.T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Need to Clarify the Legal Definition of Alimony
The study addresses the absence of an adequate legal definition of alimony in modern Russian family law. Article 80 of the Family Code provides an unsatisfactory definition due to its imprecision and contradiction with Articles 89, 93-97. Existing doctrinal definitions similarly fail to capture the concept’s essential attributes. The research clarifies the scope of alimony legal relations, including entitled persons, payment grounds, methods, and forms. Drawing on the Family Code and related civil, notarial, labor, tax, administrative, and criminal law norms, the study employs formal-logical, systemic, comparative-legal, empirical, and synthetic methods. An updated list of subjects of alimony legal relations has been synthesized. Definitions proposed in legal literature by various authors that inaccurately reflect essential aspects of alimony, are analyzed: they fail to cover the full range of attributive features and persons entering alimony legal relations. The study proves the unreasonableness of including minor age, disability, and neediness in the alimony definition, as these are concomitant but not always necessary conditions for alimony legal relations. The study notes that notarial agreements for non-monetary alimony require preliminary cost equivalence assessment. The result is the author’s definition of alimony. The work concludes with proposals to modernize the Family Code of the Russian Federation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivenskiy A.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Review of the monograph: Atabekov, A.R., Yastrebov, O.A. (2024) Strategic positioning of artificial intelligence in public administration and legal regulation practice. Moscow, UNITY-DANA Publ.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alferova E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative legal aspects of civil legal relations in the modern world: Review of the International Scientific Legal Forum in memory of professor V.K. Puchinsky, October 17, 2025
Copyright (c) 2026 Rusakova E.P., Frolova E.E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0