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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49409</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2026-30-1-156-174</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RQSGTC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CIVIL LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of Private Property Law: A Comparative Analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие права частной собственности: сравнительный анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-8117</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1920-1554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saudakhanov</surname><given-names>Marat V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саудаханов</surname><given-names>Марат Вильданович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Municipal Law</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры муниципального права</p></bio><email>viento_del_norte@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-2572</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9107-0406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chikhladze</surname><given-names>Levan T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чихладзе</surname><given-names>Леван Теймуразович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Municipal Law</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой муниципального права</p></bio><email>Levanbook@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 30, NO1 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 30, №1 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Saudakhanov M.V., Chikhladze L.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Саудаханов М.В., Чихладзе Л.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saudakhanov M.V., Chikhladze L.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саудаханов М.В., Чихладзе Л.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/49409">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/49409</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the genesis and evolution of private property law. The study covers a wide historical period - from antiquity to the present - and examines the development of this institution in various legal systems (Roman law, the law of Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece, Russian pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern constitutional law, as well as the experience of the USA, Germany, France, China, and other countries). The relevance of the work stems from the fundamental role of private property as the foundation of legal systems and economic development, as well as the need to identify common trends and national peculiarities in its regulation at present. The purpose of this work is to determine universal and specific patterns in the development of constitutional and legal regulation of social relations in the sphere of private property. The work sequentially addresses the tasks of studying its origin, stages of historical development, and modern constitutional and legal status. The scientific novelty lies in combining historical-legal retrospect with synchronous comparative analysis, which enables proposing a periodization of the evolution of the institution and formulating conclusions about the convergence of national models. The key conclusion of the article is the transformation of private property law: from an absolute individual right, it has evolved into an institution performing a social function, accompanied not by a weakening but by a strengthening of its guarantees through the development of international legal protection mechanisms and the activities of constitutional justice bodies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено комплексному сравнительно-правовому анализу генезиса и эволюции права частной собственности. Исследование охватывает широкий исторический период - от античности до современности - и рассматривает развитие данного института в различных правовых системах (римское право, право Древней Месопотамии и Греции, российское дореволюционное, советское и современное конституционное право, а также опыт США, Германии, Франции, Китая и других стран). Актуальность работы обусловлена фундаментальной ролью частной собственности как основы правовых систем и экономического развития, а также необходимостью выявления общих тенденций и национальных особенностей ее регулирования в настоящее время. Цель исследования - определение универсальных и специфических закономерностей развития конституционно-правовой регуляции общественных отношений в сфере частной собственности. Последовательно решаются задачи по изучению его зарождения, этапов исторического развития и современного конституционно-правового статуса. Научная новизна заключается в сочетании историко-правовой ретроспективы с синхронным сравнительным анализом, что позволяет предложить периодизацию эволюции института и сформулировать выводы о конвергенции национальных моделей. Ключевым выводом является констатация трансформации права частной собственности: из абсолютного права индивида оно эволюционировало в институт, выполняющий социальную функцию, что сопровождалось не ослаблением, а усилением его гарантий за счет развития международно-правовых механизмов защиты и деятельности органов конституционного правосудия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>constitutional law</kwd><kwd>history of law</kwd><kwd>social function of property</kwd><kwd>expropriation</kwd><kwd>constitutional guarantees</kwd><kwd>evolution of law</kwd><kwd>legal systems</kwd><kwd>internationalization of law</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конституционное право</kwd><kwd>история права</kwd><kwd>социальная функция собственности</kwd><kwd>экспроприация</kwd><kwd>конституционные гарантии</kwd><kwd>эволюция права</kwd><kwd>правовые системы</kwd><kwd>интернационализация права</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkharoev, H. 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