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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2025-29-4-947-961</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LMFGRM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of the substantial characteristics of law in the digital age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация сущностных характеристик права в цифровую эпоху</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-0542</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194431845</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8662-8904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinkovskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинковский</surname><given-names>Сергей Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of Law and State, Law Institute, RUDN University; Associate Professor of the Department of Public Law, Odintsovo branch, MGIMO University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры теории права и государства, юридический институт, Российский университет дружбы народов; доцент кафедры публичного права, Одинцовский филиал МГИМО МИД России</p></bio><email>zinkovskiy-sb@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 29, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 29, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>947</fpage><lpage>961</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zinkovskiy S.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Зинковский С.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinkovskiy S.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зинковский С.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/47863">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/47863</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the need for new approaches to legal research, driven by the introduction of digital technologies into public life. Under these conditions qualitative changes in consciousness and methods of human worldview formation, virtualization of social relations and their value basis, and transformation of cultural identity acquire the significance of typological features of law in the digital age. Digital reality is a special human “habitat” that changes the direction of the evolution of the human brain and consciousness; in combination with social experience, it alters the type of human thinking and worldview; creates conditions for the transformation of the value basis of culture, the splitting of human individuality and cultural identity; virtualizes a significant part of social relations; gives rise to a new structure of society and new forms of social inequality. These directions of evolution of social practice, social relations, their value basis, consciousness, and human worldview, being expressed in law, acquire the significance of its typological characteristics, in which the phenomenon of syncretism manifests itself in a new, unique form. The typological feature of law is its fused, inseparable expression of a complex of natural, biological, and social regularities governing human and social development, as well as technical regularities conditioned by the integration of elements of the digital environment and non-biological resources into human consciousness. The law of the digital age considers value not in the individual, but in their identity, acceptable from the perspective of the official authorities. The legal assessment of this identity is associated with the emergence of a new group of objects of legal regulation-human virtual interpretations of legally significant social meanings. The digital age is giving rise to new forms of social division, the criteria of which are the degree of human integration into virtual space and the human attitude toward technology as a means of production. This results in the reflection in law of new groups of social interests, changing its essence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обосновывается необходимость использования новых подходов к исследованию права, обусловленных внедрением цифровых технологий в общественную жизнь. В этих условиях качественные изменения в сознании и способах формирования мировоззрения человека, виртуализация общественных отношений и их ценностная основа, трансформация культурной идентичности приобретают значение типологических характеристик права в цифровую эпоху. Цифровая реальность - это особая «среда обитания» человека, которая меняет направленность процесса эволюции человеческого мозга и сознания; в сочетании с социальным опытом изменяет тип человеческого мышления и мировосприятия; создает условия для трансформации ценностной основы культуры, «расщепления» индивидуальности человека и его культурной идентичности; виртуализирует значительную часть общественных отношений; порождает новую структуру общества и новые формы социального неравенства. Эти направления эволюции социальной практики, общественных отношений, их ценностной основы, сознания и мировоззрения человека, будучи выраженными в праве, приобретают значение его типологических характеристик, в которых в новой уникальной форме проявляет себя феномен синкретизма. Типологической характеристикой права становится слитное, нераздельное выражение в нем комплекса природно-биологических и социальных закономерностей развития человека и общества, а также технических закономерностей, обусловленных интеграцией в человеческое сознание элементов цифровой среды, небиологическими ресурсами. Право цифровой эпохи считает ценностью не конкретного человека, а приемлемую с точки зрения власти его идентичность, юридическая оценка которой сопряжена с появлением новой группы объектов правового регулирования - виртуальных интерпретаций человеком юридически значимых социальных смыслов. Цифровая эпоха порождает новые формы социального деления, критериями которого становятся степень интеграции человека в виртуальное пространство и отношение человека к технологиям как к средствам производства, а следствием - отражение в праве новых групп социальных интересов, меняющих его сущность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>typology of law</kwd><kwd>worldview</kwd><kwd>digital environment</kwd><kwd>virtual</kwd><kwd>syncretism</kwd><kwd>cultural identity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>типология права</kwd><kwd>миропонимание</kwd><kwd>цифровая среда</kwd><kwd>виртуальный</kwd><kwd>синкретизм</kwd><kwd>культурная идентичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astafyeva, O.N. 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