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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44987</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2025-29-2-438-455</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YMVAXM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL LAW. FOREIGN LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО. ЗАРУБЕЖНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The single agreement concept in international Framework Contracts for Cross-Border Derivatives and other financial Transactions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концепция единого договора в международных рамочных соглашениях для трансграничных деривативов и других финансовых сделках</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-507X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1039-6010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klementyev</surname><given-names>Aleksei P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клементьев</surname><given-names>Алексей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, School of Legal Regulation of Business</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, Департамент правового регулирования бизнеса</p></bio><email>alexei.klementiev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>438</fpage><lpage>455</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Klementyev A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Клементьев А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klementyev A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клементьев А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/44987">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/44987</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Master agreements produced by trade associations - standardized framework contracts used in international markets - have largely replaced tailor-made documentation in the contemporary financial world. These agreements provide a reliable foundation for structuring obligations across a broad range of financial instruments, including forwards, options, swaps, repurchase agreements (repos), and securities lending transactions. Despite being developed in diverse regions, standard contracts for cross-border financial products exhibit several common features. A key feature is the “single agreement” concept, and its corresponding contractual clause. The article provides an overview of “single agreement” clauses found in international master agreements and examines two critical implications of this fundamental aspect of standard documentation. First, it explores the enforceability of close-out netting, a mechanism vital for managing counterparty risk in the event of default. Second, it discusses the application of a unified governing law to all elements of the standard documentation, which might otherwise be subject to various laws determined by conflict-of-laws rules. Beyond these legal applications, the single agreement also serves a technical function by uniting numerous schedules, annexes, confirmations, protocols, and other components of standard documentation withing a single legal framework.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Генеральные договоры, подготовленные торговыми ассоциациями, т.е. стандартные рамочные соглашения, применяемые игроками на международных рынках вместо ситуативно подготовленной документации, в настоящее время доминируют в финансовом мире. Стороны таких договоров структурируют свои обязательства, основываясь на пользующихся доверием стандартных документах, покрывающих большое количество финансовых инструментов. К их числу относятся опционы, форварды, свопы, договоры репо и сделки займа ценных бумаг. Несмотря на подготовку типовых соглашений в разных странах мира, стандартные контракты для трансграничных финансовых продуктов имеют много общего. Концепция единого договора и соответствующее договорное положение выступает примером такого общего элемента. Помимо описания положений о едином договоре в статье рассматриваются два важных последствия использования этого краеугольного камня стандартной документации. К таким последствиям относится возможность принудительного исполнения положений о ликвидационном неттинге и распространение применимого права на все элементы стандартной документации, которые подчинялись бы праву разных стран, если бы применимое право определялось на основе коллизионных норм. Помимо этих важных последствий принцип единого договора выполняет чисто техническую роль, выступая единым связующим звеном для различных приложений, дополнений, подтверждений, протоколов и других элементов стандартной документации на международных финансовых рынках.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>close-out netting</kwd><kwd>master agreement</kwd><kwd>financial transactions</kwd><kwd>bankruptcy</kwd><kwd>derivatives</kwd><kwd>repurchase agreements</kwd><kwd>securities lending</kwd><kwd>single agreement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ликвидационный неттинг</kwd><kwd>генеральное соглашение</kwd><kwd>финансовые сделки</kwd><kwd>банкротство</kwd><kwd>деривативы</kwd><kwd>сделки репо</kwd><kwd>займы ценных бумаг</kwd><kwd>единый договор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bamford, C. (2011) Principles of International Financial Law. 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