RUDN Journal of LawRUDN Journal of LawВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки2313-23372408-9001Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3614410.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-3-785-804IRXXLPCRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGYУГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО И КРИМИНОЛОГИЯResearch ArticleCOVID-19 pandemic: legal, criminological, health and social aspectsПандемия COVID-19: правовые, криминологические и медико-социальные аспектыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-9568KlebanovLev R.КлебановЛев Романович

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Full Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics, Law Institute

доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминалистики, Юридический институт

solomon70@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-25022485-5545PolubinskayaSvetlana V.ПолубинскаяСветлана Вениаминовна

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology

кандидат юридических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминологии

svepol@yandex.ruRUDN UniversityРоссийский университет дружбы народовInstitute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут государства и права РАН29092023273VOL 27, NO3 (2023)ТОМ 27, №3 (2023)78580429092023Copyright ©; 2023, Klebanov L.R., Polubinskaya S.V.Copyright ©; 2023, Клебанов Л.Р., Полубинская С.В.2023Klebanov L.R., Polubinskaya S.V.Клебанов Л.Р., Полубинская С.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/36144

This study considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic - announced by the WHO in March 2020 - on law enforcement, crime, and mental health of population, including vulnerable groups (children and adolescents, prisoners, health care workers). The authors use an interdisciplinary research approach, including comparative legal, historical, and formal-legal methods. Anti-epidemic measures aimed at curbing the global spread of the virus and interrupting its transmission routes are described on examples from several countries. The legal basis for such measures consists mainly of legal acts of executive authorities and decisions of local authorities, taken in accordance with national laws in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases and response to emergencies. The authors discuss in detail the legal instruments used in countering the pandemic in the Russian Federation, including changes and amendments to the legislation on administrative offences and criminal law. The global crisis caused by the pandemic offers examples of effective actions taken by states, but also shows weaknesses in the organization of health care, including functioning of health care workers “on the front line” of fight against the pandemic. The international system for responding to dangerous infections has also underperformed, prompting discussions on the need for an international legal instrument to combat pandemics. Empirical studies have found that the pandemic, combined with restrictive measures, led to increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression, alcohol and other psychoactive substances use among the population, gave rise to new types of illigal behavior and negative dynamics in a number of already known criminal offenses. Therefore, criminologists need to pay attention to changes in the structure and dynamics of crime, conditions that contribute to them, as well as new factors of victimhood.

Анализируется влияние пандемии COVID-19, объявленной ВОЗ в марте 2020 г., на правотворчество, преступность и психическое здоровье населения, включая уязвимые группы (дети и подростки, заключенные, медицинские работники). В исследовании использован междисциплинарный исследовательский подход, применены сравнительно-правовой, исторический, формально-юридический методы. На примерах ряда государств описываются противоэпидемические меры, направленные на сдерживание глобального распространения вируса и прерывание путей его передачи. Правовую основу подобных мер составляют, главным образом, акты органов исполнительной власти и решения местных властей, принимаемые в соответствии с национальными законами в области профилактики и борьбы с инфекционными заболеваниями и реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации. Подробно рассматриваются правовые инструменты, использованные в противодействии пандемии в Российской Федерации, в том числе изменения и дополнения законодательства об административных правонарушениях и уголовного закона. Глобальный кризис, порожденный пандемией, дал примеры эффективных действия государств, но одновременно показал слабые места в организации здравоохранения, в частности труда медицинских работников, находящихся «на передовой» борьбы с пандемией. Недостаточно эффективно проявила себя и международная система реагирования на опасные инфекции, что послужило началу дискуссий о необходимости разработки международного правового документа о борьбе с пандемиями. Как установлено в эмпирических исследованиях, пандемия в сочетании с ограничительными мерами привела к росту уровней стресса, тревоги и депрессии, употребления алкоголя и других психоактивных веществ среди населения, породила новые виды противоправного поведения и негативную динамику ряда уже известных уголовно наказуемых деяний. Внимания криминологов в этой связи требуют изменения в структуре и динамике преступности, условия, им способствующие, а также новые факторы виктимности.

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