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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36130</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-3-541-563</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JRJSYW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВО И ПРАВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">International legal regulation of the circulation of dual-use biotechnologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности регулирования обращения биотехнологий двойного назначения по международному и национальному праву</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-8795</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8944-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashidze</surname><given-names>Aslan Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашидзе</surname><given-names>Аслан Хусейнович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal Sciences, Full Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of International, Law Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, профессор, заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации, заведующий кафедрой международного права юридического института</p></bio><email>aslan.abashidze@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-8054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4939-0747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malichenko</surname><given-names>Vladislav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маличенко</surname><given-names>Владислав Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Legal Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Social Legislation, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation; Researcher, Institute of National and Comparative Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics (National Research University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела социального законодательства, Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации; научный сотрудник Института исследований национального и сравнительного права, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</p></bio><email>vlad.malichenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Higher School of Economics (National Research University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>541</fpage><lpage>563</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Abashidze A.K., Malichenko V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Абашидзе А.Х., Маличенко В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abashidze A.K., Malichenko V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абашидзе А.Х., Маличенко В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/36130">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/36130</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of each country, regardless of the economic well-being and health system development, highlighting the need for further rethinking of the global security and human security concepts. The need to sustain the spread of infectious diseases, as well as the treatment of life-threatening diseases, determine the relevance of scientific research on all key aspects related to the development of technologies, both by states and non-state actors. In view of the efforts made over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the field of biotechnology, which allows to detect the vulnerability of viruses, as well as to influence the genes responsible for the development of diseases. Such trends not only contribute to ensuring the human right to health and the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, but also bring humanity closer to executing Sustainable Development Goals. The reverse side of the scientific research increase is the expansion of the availability of scientific data, as well as the simplification of the reproduction of various technological solutions, which leads to the risk of their use for military and terrorist purposes. The development of technologies, the use of which can not only counteract life-threatening diseases, but also create new threats to human security, has influenced the formation of the term “dual-use technologies” in the scientific literature and documents of international organizations. The article presents a systematic analysis of biotechnologies impact on the formation of “human security” concept, as well as the definition of “biological security” concept. The authors consistently consider international treaties, as well as documents of international intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations in the field of regulating the circulation of technologies that pose a threat to state security. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the features of control over the spread of biological agents in the context of the activities of the European Union, as well as ensuring the implementation of the national security strategy of the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Пандемия COVID-19 продемонстрировала уязвимость каждого государства к инфекционным угрозам вне зависимости от уровня экономического благосостояния и развития системы здравоохранения, подчеркивая необходимость дальнейшего переосмысления концепций глобальной безопасности и безопасности человека. Потребность сдерживания распространения инфекционных заболеваний, а также лечения жизнеугрожающих заболеваний обусловливают актуальность научных исследований по всем ключевым аспектам, связанным с разработкой технологий как усилиями государств, так и негосударственных субъектов. За последние десятилетия удалось достигнуть существенных результатов в сфере биотехнологий, позволяющих препятствовать распространению вирусов, а также воздействовать на гены, ответственные за развитие заболеваний. Технологический прогресс в сфере науки о жизнедеятельности не только способствует обеспечению права человека на здоровье и права на пользование результатами научного прогресса приближает человечество к достижению целей в области устойчивого развития. Однако увеличение масштабов научных исследований, сопровождаемое расширением доступности научных данных и упрощением воспроизводства различных технологических решений, приводит к формированию риска их применения в военных и террористических целях. Разработка технологий, применение которых может не только противодействовать жизнеугрожающим заболеваниям, но и способствовать появлению новых угроз безопасности человека, повлияло на формирование в научной литературе и документах международных организаций термина «технологии двойного назначения». Представлен системный анализ влияния биотехнологий на формирование концепции «безопасность человека», а также определение понятия «биологическая безопасность». Авторами последовательно рассматриваются международные договоры, а также документы международных межправительственных и неправительственных организаций в сфере регулирования обращения технологий, представляющих угрозу безопасности государства. Особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению особенностей контроля за распространением биологических агентов в контексте деятельности Европейского союза, а также обеспечением реализации стратегии национальной безопасности Российской Федерации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biosecurity</kwd><kwd>health technologies</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd><kwd>dual-use technologies</kwd><kwd>pandemics</kwd><kwd>national security strategy</kwd><kwd>international treaties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биологическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>технологии здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>геномное редактирование</kwd><kwd>технологии двойного назначения</kwd><kwd>пандемии</kwd><kwd>стратегия национальной безопасности</kwd><kwd>международные договоры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cello, J., Paul, A.V. &amp; Wimmer, E. 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