<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-2-453-467</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FVVPGP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CIVIL LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The development of an insolvency privilegle for derivatives in German law</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие привилегии при несостоятельности в отношении деривативов по немецкому праву</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-507X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">B-3826-2016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klementyev</surname><given-names>Aleksey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клементьев</surname><given-names>Алексей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior lecturer, School of Legal Regulation of Business</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель, Департамент правового регулирования бизнеса</p></bio><email>aklementiev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO2 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №2 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>453</fpage><lpage>467</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Klementyev A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Клементьев А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klementyev A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клементьев А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/35035">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/35035</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article outlines the development of insolvency privilege with respect to derivatives under German law in its historical perspective. It traces the evolution of special privilege from the moment when it was first announced in the German insolvency statute (Insolvenzordnung) and came into force on August 1, 1994, up to the moment when legislative provisions securing the functioning of derivatives in insolvency context were amended in response to the 2016 Federal Court of Justice Verdict. This court ruling ended the long-standing consensus on “friendliness” of the German insolvency law to derivatives and other financial transactions. German highest court concluded that contractual clauses on the termination of obligations under derivative contracts in the event of bankruptcy are invalid unless their legal result is identical to the one prescribed by law. This court decision created significant legal uncertainty for recognition of claims under derivative transactions and directly influenced the use of standard master agreement for over-the-counter derivatives. Drafted under the auspices of the German Banking Union (GBU), an organization representing the interests of German financial institutions, German Master Agreement for Financial Derivatives Transactions ( Deutscher Rahmenvertrag fur Finanztermingeschäfte ) provided a contractual framework for the relevant market, and it came under significant pressure. Overall, German insolvency rules were significantly enforced to achieve the enforceability of close-out netting thus expanding the insolvency privilege for derivative transactions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В исторической перспективе описывается развитие привилегии для деривативов по немецкому праву в условиях банкротства. Прослеживается эволюция привилегии с момента, когда она впервые появилась в немецком законе о несостоятельности ( Insolvenzordnung ) и вступила в силу 1 августа 1994 г., до момента внесения изменений в законодательные положения, обеспечивающие функционирование деривативов в контексте несостоятельности в ответ на решение Верховного суда Германии 2016 года. Это судебное решение положило конец давнему консенсусу в отношении «дружественности» законодательства Германии о несостоятельности по отношению к деривативам и другим финансовым сделкам. Высший суд Германии пришел к выводу о том, что договорные положения о прекращении обязательств по деривативным договорам в случае банкротства недействительны, если их юридический результат не идентичен предусмотренному законом. Это решение суда создало значительную правовую неопределенность в отношении признания требований по сделкам с производными финансовыми инструментами и напрямую повлияло на использование стандартного генерального соглашения для внебиржевых производных финансовых инструментов. Разработанное под эгидой Немецкого банковского союза ( GBU ), организации, представляющей интересы немецких финансовых учреждений, немецкое генеральное соглашение о сделках с производными финансовыми инструментами (Deutscher Rahmenvertrag fur Finanztermingeschäfte) обеспечило договорную основу для соответствующего рынка и подверглось значительному давлению. В целом, немецкое законодательство о несостоятельности было значительно усилено для обеспечения возможности принудительного исполнения ликвидационного неттинга, что расширило привилегию для сделок с производными инструментами при несостоятельности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>close-out netting</kwd><kwd>financial collateral</kwd><kwd>insolvency</kwd><kwd>cherry picking</kwd><kwd>cherry picking</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>привилегия в банкротстве</kwd><kwd>ликвидационный неттинг</kwd><kwd>финансовое обеспечение</kwd><kwd>неплатежеспособность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Benjamin, J. (2007) Financial law. Oxford, Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Benjamin, J. (2010) The narratives of financial law. Oxford journal of legal studies. 30(4), 787-814.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Benzler, M. (1999) Nettingvereinbarungen im Auserborglichen derivatehandel. Baden-Baden, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Böger, O. (2013) Close-out netting provisions in private international law and international insolvency law (Part I). Uniform Law Review. 18(2), 232-261. https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unt014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Böhm, M. (2001) Rechtliche Aspekte grenzüberschreitender Nettingvereinbarungen. Berlin, Duncker &amp; Humblot. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Fuchs, F. (2013) Close-out Netting, Collateral und systemisches Risiko: Rechtsansätze zur Minderung der systemgefahr im außerbörslichen derivatehandel. Berlin, Mohr Siebeck. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Johnson, V.R. (2015). International financial law: the case against close-out netting. Boston university international law journal. 33(2), 101-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Köbler, G. (2016) Juristisches Wörterbuch Für Studium und Ausbildung. Wahlen Jura, 16 Auflage. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lennon, A. (2001) Early termination payments under the 1992 ISDA Master Agreement. Journal of International Banking Law. 16(3), 84-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Lober, K. &amp; Klima, E. (2006) The implementation of Directive 2002/47 on financial collateral arrangements. Journal of international banking law and regulation. 21(4), 203-212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Lubben, S. (2010) Derivatives and bankruptcy: the flawed case for special treatment. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law. (12), 61-78.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mantysaari, P. (1995) The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law: Vol. II: Contracts in General. Berlin, Springer.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Molyneux, Ph., &amp; Valdez, S. (2010) An Introduction to global financial markets. 6th ed. Palgrave Macmillan, Chippenham and Eastbourne.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Paech, P. (2014) Close-Out Netting, Insolvency Law and Conflict-of-Laws. Journal of corporate law studies. 14(2), 419-452.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Paech, P. (2016) The value of financial market insolvency safe harbors. Oxford journal of legal studies. 36(4), 855-884.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Paul, C.R.H. (1995) Netting: a means of limiting credit exposure. Journal of international banking law. 10(3), 93-98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Paulus, C. (2015) The wonderful world of privileges - the par condicio creditorum vs closeout-netting. European company and financial law review. 11(4), 531-553. https://doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2014-0531</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Rauch, S. (2017) Close-out netting fur finanzinstrumenten. Baden-Baden, Nomos. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Reiner, G. (2002) Derivative finanzinstrumente im Recht. Baden-Baden, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. (in German).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Rusen, G. (2007) Financial collateral arrangements. Journal of international commercial law and technology. 2(4), 250-258.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Vardi, N. (2011) The integration of European financial markets. London, Routledge.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Wessels, B. (1997) Close-out netting in the Netherlands. Journal of international banking law. 12(5), 187-194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Wood, Ph. (1995) Title financial, derivatives, securitizations and netting. Law and practice of international finance. London, Sweet and Maxwell.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Yeowart, G. &amp; Parsons, R. (2016) Yeowart and parsons on the law of financial collateral. Elgar Financial Law and Practice series. UK, Shepherd and Wedderburn LLP.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
