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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34055</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-1-21-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВО И ПРАВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Legal regulation of additive technologies in modern biomedicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Правовое регулирование аддитивных технологий в современной биомедицине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-1725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanovskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романовская</surname><given-names>Ольга Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой государственно-правовых дисциплин</p></bio><email>pgu-gpd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-2557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanovskiy</surname><given-names>Georgy B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романовский</surname><given-names>Георгий Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Criminal Law</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой уголовного права</p></bio><email>vlad93@sura.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Penza State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пензенский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO1 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №1 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Romanovskaya O.V., Romanovskiy G.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Романовская О.В., Романовский Г.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanovskaya O.V., Romanovskiy G.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романовская О.В., Романовский Г.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/34055">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/34055</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Research reveals the legal problems that arise due to the rapid pace of development of additive technologies (3D printing) in biomedicine (bioprinting). The purpose of the research is to analyze the legislation that defines the legal regime of additive technologies, identify the main gaps in regulation, carry out a comparative legal study, which allows to formulate recommendations to improve Russian legislation. Special strategies are used as an object of comparative research; they contribute to fix the priority development of 3D printing. The employed methods are as follows: the method of analysis of legal regulation, comparative legal and formal legal. Results. Attention is paid to the main trends and risks of progress in this direction, which are reflected in decentralization of production; improving its efficiency and reducing waste; reduction of development time and their introduction into mass production with a simultaneous rise in quality of the finished product; expanding the population's access to material goods; minimizing the state control. Particular attention is paid to the legal assessment of the applicability of bioprinting in transplantology, the manufacture of implants, surgical planning, and the use of printed organs for experiments. Conclusions: when adjusting the legal framework, institutional readiness should be taken into account - the ability of the entire Russian healthcare system to use additive technologies properly (which will require significant changes in healthcare legislation). An independent direction is the use of bioprinting in the testing of drugs. 3D printing creates small organ-like structures (they are called organoids) on which experiments can be carried out for the screening of pharmaceuticals. This will require changes in the legal regime for the circulation of medicines, as well as the main functions of the state regulator (the Russian Ministry of Health and Roszdravnadzor). It is noted that additive technologies make it possible to manufacture medicines, but world experience indicates a cautious attitude towards this type of production. Research argues for the need to follow a risk-based approach in the legal regulation of bioprinting, as well as to introduce the general approach of Hospital Exemption (pharmaceutical exclusion) used in the countries of the European Union, as well as some other countries aimed at the development of regenerative medicine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Раскрываются юридические проблемы, которые возникают в силу быстрых темпов развития аддитивных технологий (3D-печати) в биомедицине (биопринтинг). Цель исследования - проанализировать законодательство, определяющее правовой режим аддитивных технологий, выявить основные пробелы в регулировании, осуществить сравнительно-правовое исследование, на основе которого сформулировать рекомендации по совершенствованию российского законодательства. В качестве объекта компаративистского исследования выступили также специальные стратегии, согласно которым закрепляется приоритетное развитие 3D-печати. Основу исследования составили методы: анализа нормативно-правового регулирования, сравнительно-правовой и формально-юридический. Рассмотрены основные тренды и риски прогресса в данном направлении: децентрализация производства; повышение его эффективности и сокращение отходов; сокращение времени разработок и их внедрения в серийное производство с одновременным ростом качества готового изделия; расширение доступа населения к материальным благам; минимизации государственного контроля. Особое внимание уделено правовой оценке применимости биопритинга в трансплантологии, изготовлении имплантов, хирургическом планировании, использовании напечатанных органов для проведения над ними экспериментов. Выводы: при корректировке правовой базы следует учитывать институциональную готовность - способность всей системы российского здравоохранения использовать аддитивные технологии надлежащим образом (что потребует значительных изменений законодательства в сфере здравоохранения); самостоятельным направлением выступает применение биопринтинга при тестировании лекарственных препаратов; с помощью трехмерной печати создаются органоподобные структуры небольшого размера (они получили название органоиды), на которых можно проводить эксперименты для скрининга фармацевтических препаратов; это потребует изменений правового режима оборота лекарственных препаратов, а также основных функций государственного регулятора (Минздрава России и Росздравнадзора). Отмечается, что аддитивные технологии позволяют изготавливать лекарственные средства, но мировой опыт свидетельствует об осторожном отношении к такому типу производства. Отстаивается необходимость следования риск-ориентированному подходу в правовом регулировании биопринтинга, а также внедрения общего подхода Hospital Exemption (фармацевтического исключения), используемого в странах Европейского Союза, а также некоторых других странах, нацеленных на развитие регенеративной медицины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>bioprinting</kwd><kwd>biomedicine</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>organ donation</kwd><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>биопечать</kwd><kwd>биомедицина</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>донорство органов</kwd><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ahn, D.-G. (2016) Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications for green technology: A review. 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