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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34054</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-1-7-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВО И ПРАВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Origin of written law</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Происхождение письменного права</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-2795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekbaev</surname><given-names>Erzat Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекбаев</surname><given-names>Ерзат Зейнуллаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal Sciences, Full Professor, Department of Constitutional, Iternational Law and Customs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, профессор, кафедра конституционного, международного права и таможенного дела</p></bio><email>erzat_bek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Eurasian Law Academy named after D.A. Kunaev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Евразийская юридическая академия им. Д.А. Кунаева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO1 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №1 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Bekbaev E.Z.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Бекбаев Е.З.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekbaev E.Z.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекбаев Е.З.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/34054">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/34054</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the origin of written law issues stems from the need to address pluralism of concepts concerning law origin. Research investigates the issues of the origin of law as a set of rules of conduct fixed by the state in writing and intended for interaction of people between themselves and public authority represented by the state and other persons. In a primitive society the rules of behavior were fixed mainly in oral speech, which forced people to interact usually within the earshot of a person's voice. Oral speech could not be used for constant and everyday interaction between those groups of people who were far from each other in their camps and settlements. The written form of law and legal norms is an attributive feature of the legal system, consisting of law, legal relations and legal consciousness. The hypothesis suggests that law formation takes place in the process of establishing a written form by the state to a number of social norms of primitive society. Written law creates an additional opportunity for residents of different settlements, cities and countries to interact with each other at a distance; it contributes to centralization of state regulation in a certain territory, unification of social norms, and strengthening and expansion of state power.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Актуальность вопросов происхождения письменного права вытекает из необходимости решения дискуссионной проблемы о плюрализме концепций появления права. Формирование права исследуется как совокупность правил поведения, закрепленных государством письменно и предназначенных для взаимодействия людей между собой и субъектами публичной власти в лице государства и иных лиц. Показано, что в первобытном обществе правила поведения фиксировались главным образом в устной речи, которая вынуждала людей взаимодействовать обычно в пределах слышимости голоса человека. Устная речь не могла использоваться для постоянного и повседневного взаимодействия между теми группами людей, которые находились вдали друг от друга на своих стоянках и стойбищах, в поселениях. Письменная форма права и правовых норм является атрибутивным признаком правовой системы, состоящей из права, правоотношений и правосознания. Обоснована гипотеза о становлении права в процессе придания государством письменной формы ряду социальных норм первобытного общества. Придание письменной формы праву создает дополнительную возможность для жителей разных поселений, городов и стран взаимодействовать между собой на расстоянии, способствует централизации государственного регулирования на определенной территории, унификации социальных норм, усилению и расширению власти государства.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>theory of law</kwd><kwd>legal understanding</kwd><kwd>origin of law</kwd><kwd>social norms</kwd><kwd>writing</kwd><kwd>written language</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>теория права</kwd><kwd>правопонимание</kwd><kwd>происхождение права</kwd><kwd>социальные нормы</kwd><kwd>письмо</kwd><kwd>письменность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezkin, Y.Е. (2000) At the origins of Mesopotamian writing and the state. Archaeological News. (7), 334-338. 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