RUDN Journal of LawRUDN Journal of LawВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки2313-23372408-9001Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3108510.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-2-267-296STATE AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY WORLDГОСУДАРСТВО И ПРАВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕResearch ArticleDiasporas and States of origin: the positive experience of interactionДиаспоры и государства происхождения: позитивный опыт взаимодействияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-3296VarlamovaNatalia V.ВарламоваНаталия Владимировна

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow of the Human Rights Department

кандидат юридических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора прав человека

varlam_n@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-1649VasilievaTatiana A.ВасильеваТатьяна Андреевна

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Research Fellow of the Human Rights Department

доктор юридических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник сектора прав человека

tan-vas@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-8574SorokinaElena A.СорокинаЕлена Александровна

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Research Fellow of the Human Rights Department

кандидат юридических наук, научный сотрудник сектора прав человека

sorokina_ea@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-3126TalapinaElvira V.ТалапинаЭльвира Владимировна

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Doctor of Law (France), Chief Research Fellow of the Human Rights Department

доктор юридических наук, доктор права (Франция), главный научный сотрудник сектора прав человека

talapina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-7568ChekharinaValentina I.ЧехаринаВалентина Ивановна

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Research Fellow of the Human Rights Department

кандидат юридических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник сектора прав человека

chekharina@mail.ruInstitute of State and Law, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут государства и права Российской академии наук28052022262VOL 26, NO2 (2022)ТОМ 26, №2 (2022)26729628052022Copyright ©; 2022, Varlamova N.V., Vasilieva T.A., Sorokina E.A., Talapina E.V., Chekharina V.I.Copyright ©; 2022, Варламова Н.В., Васильева Т.А., Сорокина Е.А., Талапина Э.В., Чехарина В.И.2022Varlamova N.V., Vasilieva T.A., Sorokina E.A., Talapina E.V., Chekharina V.I.Варламова Н.В., Васильева Т.А., Сорокина Е.А., Талапина Э.В., Чехарина В.И.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/31085

In today’s world a considerable number of people for one reason or another live outside their (or their ancestors’) States of origin. In most cases they retain a sense of belonging to their Homeland and an interest in maintaining ties with it. In turn, States also seek to develop relations with compatriots living abroad. This direction of State activity in many countries is enshrined at the constitutional level; special laws determining the legal status of compatriots, directions and forms of interaction with them have been adopted; special State programs to support diasporas are being developed and implemented. In general, the policy of States toward compatriots living abroad aims to preserve their national (linguistic, cultural, and religious) identity and to involve them in their social, cultural, economic, and political life. For these purposes, States help compatriots living abroad to study their native language, introduce them to national culture and traditions, support diaspora organizations, develop their cooperation with public authorities, scientific and educational institutions, business communities, and non-profit organizations, encourage investment activity, and, if necessary, provide compatriots with social assistance. Foreign countries have accumulated a lot of positive experience in this regard, and its analysis and generalization is the subject of this article.

В современном мире значительное число людей по тем или иным причинам проживает за пределами государств своего происхождения. В большинстве случаев они сохраняют чувство сопричастности к Родине и заинтересованность в поддержании связей с ней. В свою очередь, государства также стремятся развивать отношения с соотечественниками, проживающими за рубежом. Это направление деятельности во многих странах закреплено на конституционном уровне; приняты специальные законы, определяющие правовой статус соотечественников, направления и формы взаимодействия с ними; разрабатываются и реализуются специальные государственные программы по поддержке диаспор. Политика государств в отношении соотечественников направлена на сохранение их национальной (языковой, культурной, религиозной) идентичности и вовлечение их в свою социальную, культурную, экономическую и политическую жизнь. В этих целях государства содействуют изучению соотечественниками родного языка, приобщению их к национальной культуре и традициям, поддерживают организации диаспоры, развивают их сотрудничество со своими органами власти, научными и образовательными учреждениями, бизнес-сообществами и некоммерческими организациями, поощряют инвестиционную активность, в необходимых случаях оказывают соотечественникам социальную помощь. Зарубежными странами накоплен большой позитивный опыт в этой области, его анализ и обобщение являются предметом настоящей статьи.

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