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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30573</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-1-129-148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОЕ И ФИНАНСОВОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Protecting the interests of a retail investor i n the United States, China and Russia: the example of brokerage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Защита интересов розничного инвестора в США, Китае и России: на примере брокерской деятельности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-2980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biktashev</surname><given-names>Ainur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикташев</surname><given-names>Айнур Альфритович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctoral Student, National Research University «Higher School of Economics»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Главный эксперт, Банк России</p></bio><email>abiktshev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bank of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Банк России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Masaryk University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Масариков университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 26, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 26, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-23"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Biktashev A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Бикташев А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Biktashev A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикташев А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/30573">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/30573</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The main objectives in regulating brokerage activities are to ensure the interests of brokers’ clients while minimizing the regulatory burden. At the moment, in connection with the flow of households’ assets to the securities market, the Bank of Russia is actively developing direct tools to protect the interests of investors, including the mechanism for qualifying investors. However, its effectiveness is questioned by the expert and professional community. To assess the results of the use of direct and indirect regulatory instruments aimed at protecting retail investors, a comparative analysis of the regulatory policy in this area in countries with the most developed financial markets was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis of regulation in the United States and China, it was established that they used tools of both direct and indirect regulatory impact. Despite the differ-ences in regulation in both cases, the emphasis in regulation is placed on indirect measures of influence. Direct bans on access to financial instruments for certain categories of investors in the countries under consideration are not applied. It was also noted that despite applying certain measures in Russia, similar to the indirect regulation in the United States and China, their implementation is often sufficient, which reduces their effectiveness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Основными целями при регулировании брокерской деятельности являются обеспечение защиты интересов клиентов брокеров при минимизации регуляторной нагрузки. В настоящий момент в связи с перетоком активов населения на рынок ценных бумаг Банк России активно развивает прямые инструменты защиты интересов инвесторов, в том числе механизм квалификации инвесторов. Однако его эффективность ставится по сомнение экспертным и профессиональным сообществом. Для оценки результатов применения прямых и косвенных инструментов регулирования, направленных на защиту розничных инвесторов, проведен сравнительный анализ регуляторной политики в данной сфере в странах, имеющих наиболее развитый финансовый рынок. По результатам анализа регулирования в США и Китае установлено использование ими инструментов как прямого, так и косвенного регуляторного воздействия. Несмотря на наличие отличий в регулировании в обоих случаях акцент в регулировании сделан на непрямые меры воздействия. Прямые запреты на доступ к финансовым инструментам определенных категорий инвесторов в рассмотренных странах не применяются. Также отмечено, что несмотря на применение в России отдельных мер, аналогичных непрямому регулированию в США и Китае, их реализация зачастую осуществляется недостаточно качественно, что снижает результативность таких мер.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regulation of brokerage activities</kwd><kwd>risks of brokerage activities</kwd><kwd>protection of investors</kwd><kwd>smart regulation</kwd><kwd>optimization of the regulatory load</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регулирование брокерской деятельности</kwd><kwd>риски брокерской деятельности</kwd><kwd>защищенность инвесторов</kwd><kwd>умное регулирование</kwd><kwd>оптимизация регуляторной нагрузки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abbott, K., Levi-Faur, D. &amp; Snidal, D. (2017) Theorizing regulatory intermediaries: The RIT model. 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