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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29513</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-4-831-854</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL LAW. FOREIGN LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО. ЗАРУБЕЖНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Legal consequences for the state arising from the use of weapons against civil aircraft: review and legal framework development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Правовые последствия для государства, возникающие из использования вооружения в отношении судов гражданской авиации: обзор и развитие правовой базы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-0444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dean of the faculty of training specialists for the judicial system (Law faculty), Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, International Law Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>декан факультета подготовки специалистов для судебной системы (юридический факультет), кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры международного права</p></bio><email>tnovikova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-7625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuts</surname><given-names>Stepan O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куц</surname><given-names>Степан Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>master (graduate) student, faculty of training specialists for the judicial system (Law faculty)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 1 курса магистратуры факультета подготовки специалистов для судебной системы (юридический факультет)</p></bio><email>kutstefan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The North Caucasian branch of the Russian State University of Justice</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский филиал Российского государственного университета правосудия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO4 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №4 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>831</fpage><lpage>854</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-24"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Novikova T.V., Kuts S.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Новикова Т.В., Куц С.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova T.V., Kuts S.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова Т.В., Куц С.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/29513">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/29513</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The authors elaborate on one of the controversial issues of international air law - safety of civil aircraft in flight in respect of the use of weapons against it. The first part of the present article considers major aerial accidents arising from shooting down the civil aircraft for the last 70 years as a factual basis for further legal analysis. In the second part, the authors back up customary prohibition of the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and legal consequences for states for violating the mentioned principle. The authors investigate the grounds for the ‘security exception’ and conclude that the only grounds for derogation from the principle of non-use of weapons against civil aircraft is Article 51 of the UN Charter proclaiming the inherent right of the state to self-defence. Even in this case, the application of the ‘security exception’ by the state is tolerated by using a set of precautions before employment of weapons. Finally, authors conclude that compensation for victims reflects the inevitable monetisation of human lives. Moreover, states’ negotiations reveal the controversial reality of trade-offs between them, where compensation amounts are occasionally affected by external political factors and current position of a particular state in the international community.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Рассматривается один из самых неоднозначных вопросов международного воздушного права - безопасность гражданского воздушного судна в случае применения вооружения государством в отношении такого самолета. В первой части настоящей статья авторы оценивают крупнейшие воздушные инциденты, связанные со сбитыми самолетами гражданской авиации за последние 70 лет как фактическую основу для дальнейшего правового анализа. Во второй части авторами приводятся аргументы в поддержку обычно-правового характера принципа запрещения использования вооружения в отношении самолетов гражданской авиации в полете и последствий, возникающих из нарушения указанного принципа. Авторы исследуют основания для применения исключения по соображениям безопасности и приходят к выводу, что единственным исключением к названному принципу может служить право на самооборону в рамках статьи 51 Устава ООН. Однако даже в случае применения права на самооборону государству необходимо исчерпать ряд мер предосторожностей до принятия решения об использовании вооружения. Авторы также заключают, что компенсационные выплаты жертвам таких воздушных инцидентов неуклонно отражают процесс монетизации человеческой жизни. Более того, переговоры государств вскрывают неоднозначную реальность торгов между ними, в которой сумма компенсации напрямую связана с внешними политическими факторами и текущим положением того или иного государства в международном сообществе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aerial accident</kwd><kwd>international air law</kwd><kwd>principle of non-use of weapons against civil aircraft</kwd><kwd>security exception</kwd><kwd>self-defence</kwd><kwd>compensation</kwd><kwd>international civil aviation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воздушный инцидент</kwd><kwd>международное воздушное право</kwd><kwd>принцип запрещения использования вооружения в отношении судов гражданской авиации</kwd><kwd>исключение по соображениям безопасности</kwd><kwd>самооборона</kwd><kwd>компенсация</kwd><kwd>международная гражданская авиация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Beckham, J.A. 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