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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27218</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-3-562-585</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE AND LAW IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВО И ПРАВО В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Historical roots and current state of the “public - private law” issue in French legal doctrine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исторические корни и современное состояние проблемы «публичное - частное право» во французской юридической доктрине</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-3053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semitko</surname><given-names>Alexey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семитко</surname><given-names>Алексей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Legal sciences, Senior Resercher of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Full Professor and Head of the Department of Public Law, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Liberal Arts University; Visiting Professor of the University of Paris Nanterre (France); Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation; Laureate of Sergey Sergeyevich Alekseev Prize “For Merit in Jurisprudence” (2021)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, старший научный сотрудник РАН, профессор и зав. кафедрой публичного права, декан юридического факультета, Гуманитарный университет, приглашенный профессор университета Париж Нантерр (Франция), Почетный работник высшего профессионального образования Российской Федерации, лауреат премии имени Сергея Сергеевича Алексеева «За заслуги в юриспруденции» (2021 г.)</p></bio><email>asemitko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Liberal Arts University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO3 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №3 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>562</fpage><lpage>585</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-23"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Semitko A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Семитко А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semitko A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семитко А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/27218">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/27218</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The Soviet legal system did not know the division of law into private and public, because communist ideology did not recognize anything private. The end of communist experiment and transition to legal state, social market economy and respect for human rights naturally led to the need to revive private law and to further develop it; therefore in Russian jurisprudence the issue of dividing the law into private and public has become relevant. The subject is the French legal doctrine on this issue; the study is carried out on the unpublished in Russia sources. The historical roots of the basic division of law and its significance for the French legal system are in the focus. Despite the absence of rigid boundaries in this division, the theory describing it is based on the real legal reality of the Romano-Germanic family of legal systems. This theory is not abstract theorizing; it is useful for practice because it aims to maintain a balance between public law and private law regulation. The issue of basic division of law in the case law system is discussed. A comparative study of the issue in the Russian legal doctrine is conducted. The author comes to the conclusion that human rights are the common part that unites public and private law, and therefore their unity is inextricable: the abrogation of private law, as the experience of building communism in Russia showed, inevitably leads to the destruction of human rights, and then to the transformation of public law into a pseudo-legal system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Советская правовая система не знала деления права на частное и публичное, поскольку коммунистическая идеология не признавала ничего частного. Завершение коммунистического эксперимента и переход России к правовому государству, социальному рыночному хозяйству и уважению прав человека закономерно привел к необходимости возрождения частного права и его дальнейшему развитию, а потому в российской юриспруденции стала актуальной проблема деления права на частное и публичное. Предметом исследования является французская правовая доктрина по данной проблеме, изучение которой проводится по неопубликованным в России источникам. Рассматриваются исторические корни основного разделения права и его значение для французской правовой системы. Несмотря на отсутствие жестких границ в указанном разделении, описывающая его теория базируется на реальной правовой действительности романо-германской семьи правовых систем; эта теория не является абстрактным теоретизированием и полезна для практики, ибо нацелена на сохранения баланса между публично-правовым и частноправовым регулированием. Обсуждается вопрос о наличии основного разделения права в прецедентной правовой системе. Проводится сравнительное изучение проблемы в российской правовой доктрине. Делается вывод , что права человека являются той общей частью, которая объединяет публичное и частное право, а потому их единство имеет неразрывный характер: умаление частного права, как показал опыт строительства коммунизма в России, неминуемо приводит к уничтожению прав человека, а затем к превращению публичного права в псевдоюридическую систему.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>private law</kwd><kwd>public law</kwd><kwd>fundamental division of law</kwd><kwd>dualism of law</kwd><kwd>Romano-German family of legal systems</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>частное право</kwd><kwd>публичное право</kwd><kwd>основное разделение права</kwd><kwd>дуализм права</kwd><kwd>романо-германская семья правовых систем</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev, S.S. 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