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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25250</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-4-1005-1023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CIVIL LAW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TRADE IN DATA: DIFFERENT APPROACHES, ONE REALITY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ТОРГОВЛЯ ДАННЫМИ: РАЗНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ, ОДНА РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>analyst, Center of responsible business conduct</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аналитик Центра ответственного ведения бизнеса</p></bio><email>olga.magomedova.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>Alexandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Center Russia-OECD RANEPA</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник Центра Россия-ОЭСР</p></bio><email>koval-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashenko</surname><given-names>Antonina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашенко</surname><given-names>Антонина Давидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head, Center Russia-OECD RANEPA</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель Центра Россия-ОЭСР</p></bio><email>antonina.lev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foreign Trade Academy of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийская академия внешней торговли Министерства экономического развития Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>1005</fpage><lpage>1023</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Magomedova O.S., Koval A.A., Levashenko A.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Магомедова О.С., Коваль А.А., Левашенко А.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magomedova O.S., Koval A.A., Levashenko A.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магомедова О.С., Коваль А.А., Левашенко А.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/25250">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/25250</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of the digital economy and new technologies raises the question whether it is possible to consider personal data as a new economic asset. Provides an overview of the positions on this issue in foreign and domestic scholarships. Opinions range from recognition of trade in public values unacceptable to statements concerning a shadow data market. Based on a hypothetical assumption of data tradability, the authors examine approaches to the definition of personal data as an object of civil rights. The research paper demonstrates that possible obstacles to the introduction of economic data circulation can emerge from legislative formulations as well as from general legal approach to the regime of personal data defense. The research paper examines experience of different countries in providing legal conditions for the legitimate commercial processing the collected data. The article illustrates reasons why trade in personal data is not a threat to human information rights and explains how the problem of privacy defense can be resolved. The nascent experience of foreign countries suggests that profiting from data commerce requires to remove regulatory barriers, and at the same time to publicly accompany market processes, since the State remains the main guarantor of the rights of its citizens. Taking into account the current development of the Russian digital economy and the approach to understanding personal data as a social value, the authors present their own recommendations for the Russian legislator on realization of the data commercialization project. The article is prepared within the research work on the public order of the RANEPA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развитие цифровой экономики и новых технологий ставит вопрос о возможности рассмотрения персональных данных как нового экономического актива. Представлен обзор позиций по данному вопросу в зарубежной и отечественной доктрине. Мнения варьируются от признания недопустимой торговли общественными ценностями до констатаций существования теневого рынка данных. Основываясь на гипотетическом допущении оборота данных, авторы рассматривают подходы к определению персональных данных как объекта гражданских прав. Исследование демонстрирует, что вероятные препятствия к введению экономического оборота данных могут присутствовать, как в законодательных формулировках, так и в общеправовом подходе к оценке режима защиты персональных данных. Анализируется опыт зарубежных стран по обеспечению законодательных условий для законного коммерческого использования собранных данных. В статье иллюстративно объясняется, почему торговля персональными данными не является угрозой для информационных прав человека и каким образом может быть разрешена проблема сохранения действующего режима персональных данных. Формирующийся опыт зарубежных стран подсказывает, что извлечение экономических выгод из оборота данных требует одновременно снятия регуляторных барьеров, и в то же время публичного сопровождения рыночных процессов, поскольку государство остается главным гарантом прав своих граждан. Учитывая современное развитие цифровой экономики России и подход к пониманию персональных данных как социальной ценности, авторы представляют собственные рекомендации для российского законодателя по реализации проекта коммерциализации данных. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>personal data</kwd><kwd>commercialization of data</kwd><kwd>transferability</kwd><kwd>objects of civil rights</kwd><kwd>economic value of data</kwd><kwd>digital economy</kwd><kwd>data trade</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>персональные данные</kwd><kwd>коммерциализация данных</kwd><kwd>оборотоспособность</kwd><kwd>объекты гражданских прав</kwd><kwd>экономическая ценность информации</kwd><kwd>цифровая экономика</kwd><kwd>торговля данными</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braginskii, M.I., Vitryanskii, V.V. (2011) Dogovornoe pravo. Kniga vtoraya: dogovory  o peredache imushchestva [Law of contracts. Second book: contracts for transfer of property] 2nd ed., Moscow, Statut Publ. 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