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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2337</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-9001</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2337-2017-21-2-235-262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Freedom of Expression in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights: Old Approaches and New Tendencies in Interpretation of Article 10 of the ECHR</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Свобода выражения мнения в практике Европейского Суда: старые подходы и новые тенденции в толковании статьи 10 ЕКПЧ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Anita K</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Анита Карловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Law</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет права</p></bio><email>asoboleva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO2 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №2 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>235</fpage><lpage>262</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Soboleva A.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Соболева А.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soboleva A.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соболева А.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/16323">https://journals.rudn.ru/law/article/view/16323</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the European Court of Human Rights decisions on Art. 10 of the European Convention of the last decade. This research is dictated by the needs of the judicial practice on freedom of expression as well as by the needs of legal theory to clarify concepts and legal doctrines underlying the process of judicial decision-making. The objective of the research is to analyze the changes in the approaches of the European Court to adjudication of freedom of expression cases and to identify the appearance of new tendencies, which would affect the resolution of disputes in this area in future. The author stresses that the European Court along with the use of the well-established approaches and concepts sometimes deviates from them, especially when it deals with new circumstances and realities. In addition, it continues to create new concepts and elaborate new approaches, which would either broaden the previous understanding of what can be covered by Art. 10, or restrict it. Special attention is paid to the formation of positive obligations of the state under Art. 10, to cases on political speech, hate speech, protection of confidential information, duties of the Internet news portals and to cases which involve Art. 10 in conjunction with other articles of the Convention. The author argues that the case law of the European Court on freedom of expression has been developed in the same way as its practice on other articles of the Convention - while in some cases the Court acted more creative and even constructed new rights under the umbrella of the right to receive information (such as the right of NGOs to have access the state-owned information and the obligation of the state to submit it on their request), in other cases it acted self-restrictively (like in cases, involving protection of personal life of politicians, responsibility of Internet platforms for the content, publication of confidential information by journalists, defamation of politicians in fiction, etc.) The balancing exercise between conflicting rights may be made by the Court differently depending on circumstances of the case and the views of the judges who consider the case, that is why the analysis of the dissenting opinions acquires particular importance for the researchers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье анализируется ряд решений Европейского Суда по правам человека по статье 10 о свободе выражения мнения, принятых за последние 10 лет. Актуальность исследования диктуется потребностями правоприменительной практики по разрешению дел о защите чести и достоинства и распространении информации, а также необходимостью теоретического осмысления концепций, связанных со свободой выражения мнения. Цель статьи - исследовать изменения в подходах Европейского Суда, а также проследить формирование новых концепций, которые будут оказывать в будущем влияние на рассмотрение дел этой категории на международном и национальном уровнях. Автор отмечает, что Европейский Суд, хотя и продолжает использовать хорошо устоявшиеся подходы и концепции, разработанные им ранее, все же не всегда придерживается их, особенно с учетом новых реалий. Кроме того, Суд продолжает создавать новые концепции и подходы, которые могут расширять привычное понимание того, что покрывается гарантиями статьи 10, а могут и сужать их. Особо внимание уделяется делам, которые формируют позитивные обязательства государства по статье 10, делам о свободе выражения мнения в политической дискуссии, о защите конфиденциальных источников информации, об ответственности новостных интернет-порталов за распространение комментариев третьей стороны, о «языке вражды». Анализируются последние дела, в которых статья 10 рассматривалась во взаимосвязи со статьями 8, 11 и 17 Конвенции. Автор приходит к заключению, что практика Европейского Суда по статье 10 развивается в там же русле, что и практика по другим статьям Конвенции - волнообразно. Толкуя в каждом новом деле положения статьи 10 о свободе выражения мнения и допустимых ограничениях, Европейский Суд старается сочетать креативный подход (как, например, в делах о праве граждан на запрос общественно значимой информации, имеющейся в распоряжении государства) с ограничительным подходом (как, например, в делах о свободе художественного творчества или защите частной жизни политиков). Баланс между конфликтующими общественными и частными интересами может проводиться по-разному в зависимости от конкретных обстоятельств дела и мировоззрения судей, которые рассматривают дело.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European Court of Human Rights</kwd><kwd>interpretation of the ECHR</kwd><kwd>European protection of freedom of expression</kwd><kwd>access to information</kwd><kwd>case law of the ECtHR</kwd><kwd>positive obligations of the state</kwd><kwd>protection of dignity and honour</kwd><kwd>new developments in ECtHR court practice</kwd><kwd>private life of politicians</kwd><kwd>evolutive interpretation</kwd><kwd>restrictive interpretation of the Convention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ЕКПЧ</kwd><kwd>Европейский Суд по правам человека</kwd><kwd>толкование ЕКПЧ</kwd><kwd>европейские механизмы защиты свободы выражения</kwd><kwd>доступ к информации</kwd><kwd>прецедентная практика ЕСПЧ</kwd><kwd>свобода выражения</kwd><kwd>позитивные обязательства государства</kwd><kwd>защита чести и достоинства</kwd><kwd>частная жизнь политиков</kwd><kwd>эволютивное толкование Конвенции</kwd><kwd>ограничительное толкование Конвенции</kwd><kwd>ЕCHR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janis MW, Kay RS, Bradley AW. 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