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The relevance of the topic lies in the increasing role of nuclear weapons in international relations, both as a political and military tool and as a means of exerting influence and engaging in confrontation. It also lies in the erosion of the legal regime for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Türkiye, while officially a non-nuclear state, is a NATO member and has nuclear weapons and missile defense radars on its territory. This article aims to explore Ankara’s policy and its prospects in the field of nuclear non-proliferation (NWF). The scientific novelty of the study is to examine the historical foundations of Turkish nuclear defense policy, to identify a set of factors influencing Ankara’s policy, and to identify its three main areas - tactical nuclear weapons, the American/European missile defense system, and the peaceful atom. The scientific problem is considered within the framework of neorealism based on the problem-chronological approach, the principles of dialectics, objectivity, and the historiographical tradition. Traditional historical methods, such as retrospective, concrete historical, and comparative historical methods, were employed. It is concluded that at present time, the issue of Türkiye’s official launch of its own nuclear program is not on the agenda, as it may provoke a regional arms race, in which Türkiye will be in a position of catching up with regional actors such as Iran and Israel. In this regard, Türkiye is interested in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and, in general, adheres to the nuclear non-proliferation regime, having signed international treaties in this area. At the same time, Türkiye is an important element of the NATO collective security system, and its position on the issue of nuclear weapons largely depends on its membership in this organization.