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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52881</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-3-638-656</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HQJNDU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHINA IN THE WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙ В МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Indian Ocean Through the Lens of Prospect Theory</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китайско-индийское соперничество в Индийском океане сквозь призму теории перспектив</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2904-7440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>Thanh Van</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чу</surname><given-names>Тхань Ван</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (International Relations), Lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD (международные отношения), преподаватель</p></bio><email>chuthanhvan1979@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-3215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>My Hai Loc</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чан</surname><given-names>Ми Хай Лок</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (International Relations), Lecturer, Vice Dean (International Relations)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD (международные отношения), преподаватель, помощник декана (по международным связям)</p></bio><email>loctmh@uef.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет языков и международных исследований, Вьетнамский национальный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет экономики и финансов Хошимина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Regional Aspects of Contemporary International Relations</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Региональные аспекты современных международных отношений</issue-title><fpage>638</fpage><lpage>656</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Chu T.V., Tran M.H.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Чу Т.В., Чан М.Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Chu T., Tran M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chu T.V., Tran M.H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чу Т.В., Чан М.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Chu T., Tran M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52881">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52881</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Sino-Indian rivalry in the Indian Ocean has intensified in the 21st century, shaped by both countries’ strategic interests and ambitions to assert influence in this crucial maritime region. By applying prospect theory, the research examines how perceived losses, reference points, and risk sensitivities shape the strategic decisions of both countries in the region. Through qualitative research, the paper examines the motivations behind China’s growing naval presence and infrastructure development, as well as India’s countermeasures, such as bolstering naval capabilities and forging regional alliances. The findings highlight three key aspects: first, the competition is driven by both countries’ desire to secure vital sea lanes and safeguard energy security, as the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in their strategies; second, while China’s strategic investments in regional ports and military bases have increased its influence, India has sought to enhance its maritime posture through partnerships with Indo-Pacific states; and third, the evolving security architecture of the Indian Ocean faces challenges, including the involvement of external powers, divergent national priorities, and the complexity of maintaining regional stability. The study concludes that China-India competition in the Indian Ocean will be shaped by their strategic decisions, perceptions of loss, and the balance between competition and cooperation amid shifting regional dynamics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В XXI в. соперничество между Китаем и Индией в Индийском океане усилилось, что обусловлено стратегическими интересами обеих стран и их стремлением утвердить свое влияние в этом важнейшем морском регионе. С опорой на теорию перспектив в исследовании проанализировано, как восприятие потерь, опорные точки и отношение к риску влияют на стратегические решения обеих стран в данном регионе. На основе качественного анализа рассмотрены мотивы наращивания военно-морского присутствия и развития инфраструктуры со стороны Китая, а также ответные меры Индии, такие как укрепление военно-морского потенциала и создание региональных альянсов. Результаты исследования позволяют выделить три ключевых аспекта: во-первых, движущей силой соперничества является стремление обеих стран обеспечить безопасность жизненно важных морских путей и энергетическую безопасность, поскольку геополитика Индийского океана играет решающую роль в их стратегиях; во-вторых, в то время как стратегические инвестиции Китая в региональные порты и военные базы способствовали росту его влияния, Индия стремилась укрепить свои позиции на море посредством партнерства с государствами Индо-Тихоокеанского региона; в-третьих, формирующаяся архитектура безопасности в Индийском океане сталкивается с рядом вызовов, включая участие внешних держав, расхождение национальных приоритетов и сложность поддержания региональной стабильности. Сделан вывод, что характер соперничества между Китаем и Индией в Индийском океане будет определяться их стратегическими решениями, восприятием потерь, а также балансом между конкуренцией и сотрудничеством в условиях меняющейся региональной обстановки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>India</kwd><kwd>Indo-Pacific region</kwd><kwd>Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</kwd><kwd>QUAD</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd><kwd>Strait of Malacca</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Индия</kwd><kwd>Индо-Тихоокеанский регион</kwd><kwd>Четырехсторонний диалог по безопасности</kwd><kwd>КВАД</kwd><kwd>Один пояс</kwd><kwd>один путь</kwd><kwd>Малаккский пролив</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование было профинансировано Университетом языков и международных исследований Вьетнамского национального университета (VNU-ULIS) в рамках проекта № N.25.09.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This research was funded by VNU University of Languages and International Studies (VNU-ULIS) in project No. N.25.09.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baisla, K. 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