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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-3-621-637</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HEAMVP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHINA IN THE WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙ В МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Energy Factor in China’s Relations with the Gulf Arab States</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Энергетический фактор в отношениях Китая с арабскими странами Персидского залива</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-3508</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6331-0848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savicheva</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савичева</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Oriental and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры востоковедения и африканистики</p></bio><email>savicheva-em@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-7521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brebdane</surname><given-names>Ammar M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бребдани</surname><given-names>Аммар Мухсен</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Assistant, Department of Oriental and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ассистент кафедры востоковедения и африканистики</p></bio><email>ammarbre1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-3455</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5499-4579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhovsky</surname><given-names>Alexey K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаховский</surname><given-names>Алексей Кимович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of Journalism</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории журналистики</p></bio><email>malakhovskiy-ak@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1607-8958</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5280-7180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasin</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васин</surname><given-names>Андрей Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student, Department of Oriental and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры востоковедения и африканистики</p></bio><email>vasin-aa@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Regional Aspects of Contemporary International Relations</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Региональные аспекты современных международных отношений</issue-title><fpage>621</fpage><lpage>637</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Savicheva E.M., Brebdane A.M., Malakhovsky A.K., Vasin A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Савичева Е.М., Бребдани А.М., Малаховский А.К., Васин А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Savicheva E., Brebdane A., Malakhovsky A., Vasin A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savicheva E.M., Brebdane A.M., Malakhovsky A.K., Vasin A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савичева Е.М., Бребдани А.М., Малаховский А.К., Васин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Savicheva E., Brebdane A., Malakhovsky A., Vasin A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52880">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52880</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes the energy factor in the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) relations with the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in the context of Beijing’s foreign policy in recent decades. Based on an integrated approach to studying China’s foreign policy towards the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and the neorealist paradigm, the authors aim to examine the dynamics of these relations. Deng Xiaoping’s “reform and opening-up” emphasized economic development objectives as the dominant factor in Beijing’s foreign policy, leading to a long-term focus on establishing strong ties with the oil and gas-producing Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Despite the volatility and unpredictability of the situation in the Middle East, since the late 1990s, China has consistently expanded energy cooperation with the “Arabian six”- Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman. The growing demand for energy in the Chinese economy has prompted Beijing to actively seek external energy sources. In the first decade of the 21st century, China has laid the foundation for long-term ties in the Arabian region, guaranteeing stable hydrocarbon supplies, which is essential for maintaining energy security. In the second decade, China’s interaction with the Arab Gulf states expanded beyond energy cooperation, strengthened by the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative. As a result, China developed a model of cooperation in which energy became a system-forming factor. Over time, China realized that it needed to strengthen its influence on the political processes in the region, ensuring stability and, consequently, its energy security, as oil supplies from the Middle East are indispensable in the short and medium terms. The authors conclude that China has currently become one of the most influential trading partners of the Arab Gulf states and has significantly increased its political presence in the region, contributing to the stabilization of relations between Riyadh and Tehran. Close multi-sectoral cooperation between China and the Gulf Arab states will largely determine the economic prospects and geopolitical significance of both sides as international actors in the formation of a multipolar world.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проанализирован энергетический фактор в отношениях Китайской Народной Республики (КНР) с арабскими странами Персидского залива в контексте внешней политики Пекина за последние десятилетия. Опираясь на комплексный подход к изучению политики Китая в отношении арабских стран Персидского залива и неореалистическую парадигму, авторы ставят целью рассмотреть динамику отношений в энергетической сфере. С началом «политики реформ и открытости» Дэн Сяопина задачи экономического развития стали доминирующим фактором во внешней политике Пекина, что предопределило его долгосрочный интерес к установлению прочных связей с нефтегазодобывающими арабскими государствами Залива. Несмотря на волатильность и непредсказуемость обстановки в Ближневосточном регионе, Китай с конца 1990-х гг. последовательно расширяет сотрудничество в сфере энергетики с «аравийской шестеркой» - Саудовской Аравией, Объединенными Арабскими Эмиратами (ОАЭ), Катаром, Бахрейном, Кувейтом и Оманом. Растущий спрос китайской экономики на энергоносители побудил Пекин к активному поиску внешних источников энергоресурсов. В первом десятилетии XXI в. Китай заложил в аравийском регионе фундамент долгосрочных связей, которые гарантируют ему обеспечение стабильных углеводородных поставок, что важно для поддержания энергетической безопасности. Во втором десятилетии взаимодействие Китая с арабскими странами Персидского залива вышло за рамки энергетического сотрудничества, будучи усиленным реализацией инициативы «Один пояс, один путь». В результате Китай выработал модель сотрудничества, в которой энергетика стала системообразующим фактором. Со временем китайское руководство пришло к выводу о необходимости усиления своего влияния на политические процессы в регионе, обеспечения стабильности, а следовательно, и своей энергетической безопасности, поскольку в краткосрочной и среднесрочной перспективе без поставок нефти с Ближнего Востока обойтись не удастся. Установлено, что в настоящее время Китай является одним из влиятельных торговых партнеров арабских стран Персидского залива, он также существенно нарастил и свое политическое присутствие в регионе, способствовав стабилизации отношений между Эр-Риядом и Тегераном. Тесное многоотраслевое сотрудничество между Китаем и арабскими государствами Залива во многом определит экономические перспективы и геополитическую значимость обеих сторон как международных акторов в формировании многополярного мира.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neorealist paradigm</kwd><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>GCC</kwd><kwd>energy security</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd><kwd>strategic partnership</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неореализм</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>ССАГПЗ</kwd><kwd>энергетическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>Один пояс</kwd><kwd>один путь</kwd><kwd>стратегическое партнерство</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Публикация выполнена в рамках Проекта № 102502-2-000 Системы грантовой поддержки научных Проектов Российского университета дружбы народов (РУДН).</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project № 102502-2-000.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed, G. 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