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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52871</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-3-476-488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FKQXOQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Timor Leste in ASEAN: Implications for ASEAN-Led Economic Multilateralism in the Digital Field</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Восточный Тимор в АСЕАН: последствия для асеаноцентричного экономического сотрудничества в цифровой сфере</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-4210</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4522-1252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanaev</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канаев</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (History), Leading Researcher, Center for Asia Pacific Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра азиатско-тихоокеанских исследований</p></bio><email>kanaev@imemo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Regional Aspects of Contemporary International Relations</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Региональные аспекты современных международных отношений</issue-title><fpage>476</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kanaev E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Канаев Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Kanaev E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanaev E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Канаев Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Kanaev E.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52871">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/52871</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper explores the main implications of East Timor’s accession to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in October 2025 for ASEAN-led economic projects and initiatives in the digital field. The research aims to identify the impact of the digital transformation on ASEAN and ASEAN-led economic cooperation, analyze the association’s response, and finally assess East Timor’s potential contribution to implementing ASEAN-led digital projects and initiatives. Special attention is paid to the overlap of association’s digital and non-digital vulnerability factors, seen through the prism of East Timor’s participation in the ASEAN-led economic cooperation in the digital field. The author raises the following research question: why might East Timor’s joining ASEAN have a significant negative impact on ASEAN-led economic cooperation, despite the relative ease of addressing the issue of underdeveloped infrastructure in the country. Although East Timor’s influence on ASEAN’s multilateral economic policy in the digital field may seem insignificant due to its small territory and population, in reality, the country may seriously complicate the association’s efforts to establish a digital ecosystem in Southeast Asia. Moreover, as the influence of “geopolitics of data” increases, the East Timor factor could generate an escalation of new tensions between the ASEAN countries and ASEAN’s extra-regional partners. Additionally, East Timor’s insignificant contribution to the ASEAN-led economic cooperation in the digital field will cast doubt on the effectiveness of the ASEAN integration model per se, since the digital transformation completely deprives this model of relevance to the contemporary global development. The research is based on the use of general scientific and specific scientific methods, integrated into an interdisciplinary approach within the actor-network theory. Since the digital aspects of ASEAN’s policy have been explored fragmentarily, while the East Timor factor as their part has been completely missing in the academic literature thus far, the article has obvious relevance and scientific novelty.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено изучению основных последствий вступления Восточного Тимора в Ассоциацию государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) в октябре 2025 г. для асеаноцентричных экономических проектов и инициатив в цифровой сфере. Среди задач исследования - выявление влияния цифровой трансформации на АСЕАН и асеаноцентричное экономическое сотрудничество, анализ ответных мер Ассоциации и, наконец, оценка потенциального вклада со стороны Восточного Тимора в реализацию асеаноцентричных цифровых проектов и инициатив. Особое внимание уделено наложению цифровых и нецифровых факторов уязвимости Ассоциации, рассматриваемых с точки зрения участия Восточного Тимора в асеаноцентричном экономическом сотрудничестве в цифровой сфере. Автор поставил следующий исследовательский вопрос: почему вступление Восточного Тимора в АСЕАН может крайне негативно сказаться на асеаноцентричном экономическом сотрудничестве, при том что устранить проблему недостаточно развитой инфраструктуры страны относительно несложно. Хотя влияние Восточного Тимора на многостороннюю экономическую политику АСЕАН в цифровой сфере может казаться незначительным из-за его небольшой территории и численности населения, в действительности страна может серьезно осложнить усилия Ассоциации по формированию цифровой среды в Юго-Восточной Азии. Более того, по мере нарастания влияния «геополитики данных» фактор Восточного Тимора может привести к эскалации новых противоречий между странами - членами АСЕАН и ее внерегиональными партнерами. Кроме того, незначительный вклад Восточного Тимора в асеаноцентричное экономическое сотрудничество в цифровой сфере поставит под сомнение эффективность интеграционной модели АСЕАН как таковой, поскольку цифровая трансформация окончательно лишает эту модель релевантности характеру современного мирового развития. Исследование базируется на привлечении общенаучных и частнонаучных методов, интегрированных в междисциплинарный подход в рамках акторно-сетевой теории. Поскольку цифровые аспекты политики АСЕАН изучены фрагментарно, а фактор Восточного Тимора как их составляющая в научной литературе на текущий момент вообще не рассматривался, данное исследование обладает очевидной актуальностью и научной новизной.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ASEAN-centrism</kwd><kwd>global digital transformation</kwd><kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd><kwd>East Timor’s accession</kwd><kwd>geopolitics of data</kwd><kwd>actor-network theory</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>асеаноцентризм</kwd><kwd>глобальная цифровая трансформация</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>вступление Восточного Тимора</kwd><kwd>геополитика данных</kwd><kwd>акторно-сетевая теория</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali, A. S., Zaaba, Z. F., Singh, M. M., Anuar, N. 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