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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51304</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-2-352-371</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GWBGFP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject></subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Digitalization and country image formation: Longitudinal evidence from Japanese university students’ perceptions of Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровизация и формирование образа страны: лонгитюдные данные о восприятии России студентами японских университетов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-3870</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6910-2963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilina</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилина</surname><given-names>Лариса Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Chair of Foreign Languages for Special Purposes, Department of Philology, Translation Studies and Media Communications</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков для специальных целей, факультет филологии, переводоведения и медиакоммуникаций</p></bio><email>larissa-zhilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dostoevsky Omsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный университет им. Ф. М. Достоевского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">International Relations in the Digital Era: New Opportunities and Traditional Challenges</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Международные отношения в цифровую эпоху: новые возможности и традиционные вызовы</issue-title><fpage>352</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zhilina L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Жилина Л.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Zhilina L.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhilina L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жилина Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zhilina L.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51304">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51304</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the longitudinal dynamics of Japanese university students’ perceptions of Russia and their sources of information in the context of changing international relations under the conditions of the digitalization of the global information environment. The empirical basis of the study consists of six waves of original sociological surveys conducted at Japanese universities in 2007, 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis of closed- and open-ended questions, the research identifies changes in patterns of international information consumption and in associative images of Russia across different periods. The findings indicate a gradual shift in how young Japanese audiences obtain information on international affairs: the role of online sources has been steadily increasing, while the importance of traditional mass media, particularly print newspapers, has been declining within this age group. At the same time, traditional media continue to exert a notable influence on Japan’s information landscape as a whole, especially among older generations, reflecting the multi-layered nature of foreign policy perception formation. The analysis also reveals the growing prominence of visual and geographical associations, as well as an increasing personalization of Russia’s image through its political leadership. The escalation of the RussoUkrainian conflict in 2022 led to a temporary rise in negative, conflict-oriented associations; however, this effect proved to be short-lived and weakened in subsequent years. Despite sustained geopolitical tensions, interest in cultural dimensions of Russia’s image, most notably national cuisine, has shown a modest but consistent increase. The findings of the study demonstrate how the digital information environment and event-driven coverage of international crises influence the formation of state images in the mass consciousness of young audiences, underscoring the dynamic nature of these perceptions and dependence on media context in the digital age.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрена долговременная динамика восприятия России японскими студентами университетов и используемых ими источников информации в контексте трансформации международных отношений в условиях цифровизации глобальной информационной среды. Эмпирическую основу исследования составляют данные шести волн оригинальных социологических опросов, проведенных в университетах Японии в 2007, 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023 и 2024 гг. С применением количественного и качественного анализа закрытых и открытых вопросов выявлены изменения в структуре информационного потребления и ассоциативных образах России в различные периоды. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о постепенном изменении моделей получения японской молодежью международной информации: роль онлайн-источников последовательно возрастает, тогда как значение традиционных средств массовой информации, прежде всего печатных изданий, в данной возрастной группе снижается. Вместе с тем традиционные СМИ сохраняют заметное влияние в информационном пространстве Японии в целом, особенно среди старших возрастных когорт, что отражает многоуровневый характер формирования внешнеполитических представлений. Анализ позволил обнаружить усиление визуальных и географических ассоциаций, а также рост персонализации образа России через фигуру ее политического руководства. Начало специальной военной операции (СВО) в 2022 г. привело к временному увеличению негативных, конфликтно-ориентированных ассоциаций, однако данный эффект носил краткосрочный характер и ослаб в последующие годы. Несмотря на сохраняющуюся геополитическую напряженность, интерес японских студентов к культурным аспектам образа России, прежде всего к национальной кухне, демонстрирует умеренный, но устойчивый рост. В результате исследования было установлено, каким образом цифровая информационная среда и событийно обусловленное освещение международных кризисов влияют на формирование образов государств в массовом сознании молодежной аудитории, подчеркивая их изменчивость и зависимость от медиаконтекста в цифровую эпоху.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>international image of the country</kwd><kwd>Japanese youth</kwd><kwd>shifting of information sources</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>международный имидж страны</kwd><kwd>японская молодежь</kwd><kwd>смещение источников информации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balmas, M., &amp; Sheafer, T. (2013). Leaders first, countries after: Mediated political personalization in the international arena. 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