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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51302</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-2-324-339</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HCFZNL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHINA IN THE WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙ В МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative analysis of the United States and China’s experience in the military use of artificial intelligence technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ опыта США и КНР в области применения технологий искусственного интеллекта в военной сфере</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4678-7959</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1625-5047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Vitaly A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Виталий Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Director, Center for Applied Analysis of International Transformations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории международных отношений, директор Центра прикладного анализа международных трансформаций</p></bio><email>danilov-va@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-551X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1683-1988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков</p></bio><email>danilova-ev@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovskiy</surname><given-names>Ivan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровский</surname><given-names>Иван Родионович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>1142230173@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">International Relations in the Digital Era: New Opportunities and Traditional Challenges</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Международные отношения в цифровую эпоху: новые возможности и традиционные вызовы</issue-title><fpage>324</fpage><lpage>339</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Danilov V.A., Danilova E.V., Dubrovskiy I.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Данилов В.А., Данилова Е.В., Дубровский И.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Danilov V., Danilova E., Dubrovskiy I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilov V.A., Danilova E.V., Dubrovskiy I.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилов В.А., Данилова Е.В., Дубровский И.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Danilov V., Danilova E., Dubrovskiy I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51302">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51302</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The progressive economic development of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) with its further integration into the global economy, as well as the growing complexity of the international political environment due to China’s rising power, have revealed the need to expand the capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to protect China’s national interests in conflicts with developed states. A key technological innovation of the current stage of scientific and technological progress is artificial intelligence (AI). AI has already entered the list of technologies that are fundamentally changing the nature of war and peace, and has the potential to fundamentally reshape the militaryeconomic power of states, as it is actively used in the most advanced fields, including the space industry and virtually all military domains, particularly in command and control systems. The main rivals for leadership in AI are the United States and China. Both countries are actively developing AI-based technological solutions to modernize their armed forces. This could lead to increased strategic competition between the two powers. The study analyzes the experience of modernizing the armed forces and the concepts of their employment by the United States and China in the context of the military application of AI. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of AI adoption on the changing nature of warfare and the strategic balance of power between these countries. The object of the research is the armed forces of the United States and China in the context of their technological modernization and institutional improvement. The authors analyze the conceptual documents of the two countries and examine changes in the organizational structure of their armed forces in light of national strategies for the development and implementation of AI technologies in the military sphere. The authors conclude that the use of AI can significantly accelerate military operations, change concepts of warfare and the strategy for employing military forces, increasing the role of autonomous systems. The PLA is acutely aware of the importance of adapting to and benefiting from advances in AI, fearing a “generation gap” between its capabilities and those of the U.S. armed forces, which are perceived as a powerful adversary and, therefore, a key benchmark for comparison. Currently, in terms of the number of weapons systems under development using advanced technologies, the two states maintain parity. The future trajectories of these technologies in the PRC and the United States will influence the future strategic balance of power, potentially leading to the emergence of new forms and methods of employing armed forces, as well as changes in the fundamental documents of military development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Поступательное экономическое развитие Китайской Народной Республики (КНР) с дальнейшей интеграцией в мировую экономику, а также усложнение международно-политической среды в связи с усилением Китая выявили потребность в расширении возможностей Народно-освободительной армии Китая (НОАК) для защиты национальных интересов КНР в войнах с развитыми государствами. Важным технологическим новшеством текущего этапа научно-технического прогресса выступает искусственный интеллект (ИИ). ИИ уже вошел в перечень технологий, навсегда меняющих облик войны и мира, и способен придать абсолютно новое содержание военно-экономической мощи государства, так как активно используется в самых передовых областях, в частности в космической отрасли, практически во всех военных сферах, в том числе в системах управления. Основными соперниками в борьбе за лидерство в ИИ выступают США и Китай, которые активно разрабатывают технологические решения на основе ИИ для модернизации собственных вооруженных сил (ВС), что может углубить стратегическую конкуренцию между этими державами. Исследование посвящено анализу опыта модернизации вооруженных сил и концепций их применения США и Китаем в контексте применения ИИ в военной сфере. Цель - определение влияния внедрения ИИ на изменение характера ведения войны и на стратегический баланс сил между этими странами. Объектом исследования выступают вооруженные силы США и Китая в контексте их технологической модернизации и институционального усовершенствования. Проведен анализ концептуальных документов двух стран и изучено изменение организационной структуры вооруженных сил двух стран в свете национальных стратегий по разработке и внедрению технологий ИИ в военную сферу. Авторы пришли к выводу, что применение ИИ способно существенно ускорить военные операции, изменить концепции ведения войны и стратегию использования военных сил, увеличивая роль автономных систем. НОАК остро осознает важность адаптации к прогрессу в области искусственного интеллекта и извлечения из него выгоды, опасаясь возникновения «разрыва поколений» между ее возможностями и возможностями вооруженных сил США, которые воспринимаются как могущественный противник и, следовательно, ключевой показатель для сравнения. В настоящее время по количеству разрабатываемых образцов вооружений с применением передовых технологий два государства сохраняют паритет. Траектории дальнейшего развития данных технологий в КНР и США будут влиять на будущий стратегический баланс сил, что может привести к появлению новых форм и способов применения ВС, а также к изменению основополагающих документов военного строительства.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>strategic rivalry</kwd><kwd>balance of power</kwd><kwd>autonomous systems</kwd><kwd>integrated operations</kwd><kwd>cybersecurity</kwd><kwd>decision support systems</kwd><kwd>defense innovation</kwd><kwd>international security</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стратегическое соперничество</kwd><kwd>баланс сил</kwd><kwd>автономные системы</kwd><kwd>интегрированные операции</kwd><kwd>кибербезопасность</kwd><kwd>системы поддержки решений</kwd><kwd>оборонные инновации</kwd><kwd>международная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abaimov, S., &amp; Martellini, M. 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