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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51300</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-2-286-311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GXVEKS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРИКС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Political and legal aspects of BRICS cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence: Towards the development of an alternative regulatory approach</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политико-правовые аспекты сотрудничества стран БРИКС в сфере искусственного интеллекта: к формированию альтернативного регуляторного подхода</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-6591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9457-7952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agonnoude</surname><given-names>Bidoley V.F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агоннуде</surname><given-names>Бидолей Вианней Фредди</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Political Science), Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры публичной политики и истории государства и права юридического института</p></bio><email>freddyagonnoude@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-8927</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5134-9334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glebov</surname><given-names>Victor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глебов</surname><given-names>Виктор Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заместитель заведующего кафедрой публичной политики и истории государства и права юридического института</p></bio><email>glebov17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-2874</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8336-3284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr.Sc. (History), Professor, Director, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, директор Института стран Азии и Африки</p></bio><email>maslov@maslov.msk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">International Relations in the Digital Era: New Opportunities and Traditional Challenges</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Международные отношения в цифровую эпоху: новые возможности и традиционные вызовы</issue-title><fpage>286</fpage><lpage>311</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Agonnoude B.V., Glebov V.A., Maslov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Агоннуде Б.В., Глебов В.А., Маслов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Agonnoude B., Glebov V., Maslov A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agonnoude B.V., Glebov V.A., Maslov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агоннуде Б.В., Глебов В.А., Маслов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Agonnoude B., Glebov V., Maslov A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51300">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51300</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Global artificial intelligence (AI) governance is currently framed as a bipolar confrontation between the ‘Brussels’ and ‘California’ approaches. The article argues that the BRICS countries are attempting to craft a third path-an alternative model of AI governance rooted not in unification, but in an ‘overlapping consensus.’ Drawing on political ontology and a comparative analysis of national strategies, the authors demonstrate how the twin imperatives of digital sovereignty and resistance to technological hegemony can bridge the initial regulatory diversity among member states. The methodology combines discourse analysis of key BRICS documents with a case study approach, revealing the emerging architecture of a hybrid ‘soft law’ regime. Empirically, the study draws on frequency and contextual analysis of three core concepts-‘sovereignty,’ ‘inclusiveness,’ and ‘fairness’-across BRICS summit declarations from 2020 to 2025. The findings indicate a clear conceptual shift: from a predominantly political discourse on sovereignty in 2020, to its progressive digitalization and embedding within the technological agenda by 2025. The rising salience of terms tied to technological autonomy and digital security underscores this shift. The ‘overlapping consensus’ model proves workable for states with different politico-economic systems and technological capabilities. It enables them to maintain regulatory sovereignty, manage heterogeneity without resorting to rigid harmonization, and establish flexible coordination frameworks. BRICS cooperation is oriented less toward creating a supranational regulator than toward aligning principles for joint action in international fora. Enlargement enhances the group’s representational appeal for the Global South, but it also complicates standard-setting amid a growing diversity of national interests. The prevalence of ‘soft law’ and flexible ‘coalitions of the willing’ gives members the room to maneuver in the era of intense technological rivalry. On the practical side, the study offers several actionable recommendations: a digital platform for standard alignment, a mechanism for expedited mutual recognition of certification, and a joint large language model program tailored to the Global South’s linguistic and cultural diversity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Глобальное регулирование искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) сегодня артикулируется в парадигме биполярного противостояния брюссельского и калифорнийского подходов. В исследовании утверждается, что страны БРИКС предпринимают попытку сконструировать третью, альтернативную модель управления ИИ, основанную не на унификации, а на принципе «пересекающегося консенсуса». Через призму политической онтологии и сравнительного анализа национальных стратегий продемонстрировано, как императив цифрового суверенитета и противодействия технологической гегемонии преодолевает изначальную регуляторную гетерогенность участников. Методология, включающая дискурс-анализ ключевых документов БРИКС и кейс-стади, позволяет выявить формирующиеся контуры уникального гибридного режима «мягкого права». Эмпирическую базу исследования составляет частотный и контекстный анализ ключевых концептов («суверенитет», «инклюзивность», «справедливость») в декларациях саммитов БРИКС за 2020-2025 гг. Данные позволяют зафиксировать эволюцию концептуального аппарата БРИКС: от политического дискурса суверенитета в 2020 г. к его цифровизации и интеграции в технологическую повестку к 2025 г. Рост упоминаемости терминов, связанных с технологической автономией и цифровой безопасностью, подтверждает смещение приоритетов. Установлено, что модель «пересекающегося консенсуса» позволяет государствам с разноплановыми политико-экономическими системами и уровнями технологического развития сохранять суверенитет в сфере регулирования ИИ, преодолевать гетерогенность без жесткой унификации и формировать гибкие механизмы координации. Кооперация в рамках БРИКС нацелена не на создание наднационального органа, а на гармонизацию принципов для продвижения совместных позиций на международных площадках. Расширение объединения повышает репрезентативность модели для стран Глобального Юга, но одновременно усложняет выработку единых стандартов из-за разнообразия национальных интересов. Доминирование инструментов «мягкого права» и гибких «коалиций желающих» обеспечивает участникам пространство для маневра в условиях технологической конкуренции. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в разработке механизмов институционализации модели: создании цифровой платформы для гармонизации стандартов, внедрении механизма ускоренного признания сертификации и запуске совместной программы по развитию больших языковых моделей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BRICS</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>AI regulation</kwd><kwd>digital sovereignty</kwd><kwd>overlapping consensus</kwd><kwd>soft law</kwd><kwd>global governance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регулирование ИИ</kwd><kwd>цифровой суверенитет</kwd><kwd>пересекающийся консенсус</kwd><kwd>мягкое право</kwd><kwd>глобальное управление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astratova, G. V., &amp; Klimuk, V. V. (2022). 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