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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-2-216-227</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HNSWDN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Competition of regulatory paradigms in the field of AI: Liberal and state-centric models and their promotion in the OECD and ITU</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Конкуренция регулятивных парадигм в сфере искусственного интеллекта: либеральная и государственно-центричная модели и их продвижение в ОЭСР и МСЭ</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2785</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1830-1087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramich</surname><given-names>Mirzet S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамич</surname><given-names>Мирзет Сафетович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Political Science), Assistant Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>ramich-ms@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9004-4685</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9876-9865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potemkina</surname><given-names>Victoria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потемкина</surname><given-names>Виктория Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Department of Oriental and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент кафедры востоковедения и африканистики</p></bio><email>potemkinavik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9568-1381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Foreign Languages</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры иностранных языков</p></bio><email>demina.ekaterina.v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">International Relations in the Digital Era: New Opportunities and Traditional Challenges</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Международные отношения в цифровую эпоху: новые возможности и традиционные вызовы</issue-title><fpage>216</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Ramich M.S., Potemkina V.O., Demina E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Рамич М.С., Потемкина В.О., Демина Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Ramich M., Potemkina V., Demina E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramich M.S., Potemkina V.O., Demina E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамич М.С., Потемкина В.О., Демина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Ramich M., Potemkina V., Demina E.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51295">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/51295</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, competition for leadership in artificial intelligence (AI) has become a major element of geopolitical rivalry between the United States of America (USA) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Alongside the struggle for leadership in technological solutions, the main foreign policy efforts of these states focus on establishing an international AI governance regime. This has led to a clash between two approaches: a liberal model based on ethical principles, legal regulations, and the open market, and a state-centric approach emphasizing sovereignty and national security. The former is promoted by the USA and the European Union, while the latter is advanced by the PRC. Within the liberal framework, there is also a competition between the US market-driven approach and the EU’s regulatory approach. The theoretical framework of the study consists of regime theory and structural power theory. These approaches make it possible to examine the competition among the three models in international institutions and to trace their transformation. For this purpose, the study applies discourse and content analysis to official documents of the USA, the EU and the PRC as well as to materials of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for 2017-2025. In the current system of global governance, the OECD acts as the normative core for representatives of the liberal bloc, while the ITU serves as the main space for competition between liberal and state-centric approaches. The authors conclude that, as geopolitical tensions increase, all models begin to gravitate toward stricter sovereignty-oriented approaches and shift their priorities away from ethics, human rights and market regulation. This is confirmed by consistent changes in discourse both at the level of national strategies and in international organizations. Under the influence of these factors, the global AI governance regime is becoming more fragmented. International organizations, such as the OECD and the ITU, are becoming key instruments in the struggle for structural power by establishing international standards.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Конкуренция за лидерство в сфере искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в последние годы стала основным элементом геополитической конкуренции Соединенных Штатов Америки (США) и Китайской Народной Республики (КНР). Помимо борьбы за лидерство технологических решений основные внешнеполитические усилия стран сосредоточены на формировании международного режима управления ИИ. В данной плоскости наблюдается столкновение основанной на этике, правовом регулировании и принципе открытого рынка либеральной модели (США, Европейский союз) и ориентированной на суверенитет и национальную безопасность государственно-центричной модели (КНР). Внутри либеральной модели, в свою очередь, между собой конкурируют американский рыночный подход и европейский регулятивный подход. Теоретической рамкой исследования выступают теория режимов и теория структурной власти, позволяющие рассмотреть конкуренцию трех моделей в международных институтах и проследить процесс их трансформации. Для этого применены дискурсивный и контент-анализ официальных документов США, ЕС, КНР, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР) и Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ) за 2017-2025 гг. Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития в существующей системе глобального управления выступает в качестве нормативного ядра для представителей либерального блока, в то время как Международный союз электросвязи служит основным пространством для конкуренции либерального и государственно-центричного подходов. Авторы приходят к выводу, что по мере нарастания геополитической напряженности все модели начинают тяготеть к имплементации более жестких, ориентированных на суверенитет подходов, смещая приоритеты с этики, прав человека и рыночного регулирования. Это подтверждается последовательным изменением дискурса как на уровне национальной стратегии, так и в международных организациях. Под влиянием этих факторов глобальный режим управления в сфере ИИ становится более фрагментированным, а международные организации, такие как ОЭСР и МСЭ, выступают в качестве основных инструментов для борьбы за структурную власть через установление международных стандартов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>global governance</kwd><kwd>structural power</kwd><kwd>international regime</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>глобальное управление</kwd><kwd>структурная власть</kwd><kwd>международный режим</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allison, G. T. (2020). 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