<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49507</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2026-26-1-77-93</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TAVDME</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHINA IN THE WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙ В МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Culture in China’s Strategic Communication</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль культуры как элемента формирования стратегической коммуникации Китая</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-5073</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9465-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabella</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забелла</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Senior Research Fellow, Department of Theoty and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>anastasiazabella@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2629-0002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kong</surname><given-names>Xiangyu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кун</surname><given-names>Сянюй</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>1042245022@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Strategic Stability, Global and Regional Security</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Стратегическая стабильность, глобальная и региональная безопасность</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zabella A.A., Kong X.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Забелла А.А., Кун С.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Zabella A., Kong X.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zabella A.A., Kong X.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Забелла А.А., Кун С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zabella A., Kong X.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/49507">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/49507</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the Chinese approach to understanding strategic communication (SC) and its relevance in the context of globalization. Cultural values and traditions are becoming important tools for creating a positive image of China, especially in the face of competition with the West. Modern challenges require China to adapt its strategic communication. Culture can serve as the basis for addressing these challenges. The study is based on structural realism, which emphasizes the anarchic nature of the international system. It argues that China should use its cultural heritage to develop its own unique approach to SC, rather than simply copying Western models. Within the framework of this theory, China’s foreign policy is examined through such concepts as “peaceful development,” “soft power,” the Community of Shared Future for Mankind, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which are aimed at strengthening China’s position in the international arena. The methodology used includes comparative and discourse analysis to demonstrate how cultural tools contribute to the formation of China’s strategic communication. The novelty of this article lies in identifying the foundations of China’s SC and key cultural values. The importance of integrating Chinese culture into SC as a key tool for enhancing soft power is explained. The article outlines important milestones in the development of soft power, focusing on socialist culture. The driver of increasing interest in strategic culture under Xi Jinping is identified. Attention is also given to attempts to promote an alternative model of international governance, primarily through the BRI and the Community of Shared Future for Mankind. The value dimensions of the Western and Chinese models are also presented. The article identifies cultural characteristics of China’s soft power, challenges, and adaptations to it in the context of differences in values within the country, criticism from Western countries, and the rapid development of internet platforms and AI technologies. The authors conclude that strategic culture (propaganda) plays an important role in the development of strategic communication both domestically and internationally.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено анализу китайского подхода к пониманию стратегической коммуникации (СК). Актуальность темы обусловлена тем, что в условиях глобализации культурные ценности и традиции становятся важными инструментами формирования позитивного образа государства. Это особенно важно для Китайской Народной Республики (КНР) в контексте конкуренции с Западом. Современные вызовы требуют от Китая адаптации стратегической коммуникации к изменяющейся международной среде. Культура может служить основой для формирования ответов на эти вызовы. Исследование основано на структурном реализме, подчеркивающем анархическую природу международной системы. Внешнеполитический курс КНР в рамках данной теории рассматривается через такие концепции, как «мирное развитие», «мягкая сила», Сообщество единой судьбы человечества, инициатива «Один пояс, один путь» (ОПОП), которые направлены на усиление полиций Китая на международной арене. Методология включает сравнительный и дискурс-анализ, призванные показать, как культурные инструменты способствуют формированию стратегической коммуникации Китая. Новизна исследования обусловлена выявлением основ СК Китая и ключевых культурных ценностей Китая. Объяснена важность интеграции китайской культуры в СК как ключевого инструмента усиления «мягкой силы». Обозначены важные вехи формирования «мягкой силы» с акцентом на социалистическую культуру. Выявлен драйвер увеличения интереса к СК при Си Цзиньпине. Внимание сосредоточено на попытках продвижения альтернативной модели международного управления, прежде всего посредством инициативы ОПОП, а также Сообщества единой судьбы человечества. Помимо прочего, представлено ценностное измерение западной и китайской модели. Выявлены культурные особенности в СК Китая, вызовы и адаптация СК Китая в контексте различий в ценностях внутри страны, критики со стороны стран Запада и быстрого развития интернет-площадок, технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ). Авторы приходят к выводу, что стратегическая культура, включающая пропагандистские практики, играет важную роль в развитии стратегической коммуникации как внутри страны, так и при международном взаимодействии.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China’s strategic culture</kwd><kwd>Chinese model</kwd><kwd>China’s soft power</kwd><kwd>China’s cultural values</kwd><kwd>China’s values</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd><kwd>Community of Shared Future for Mankind</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стратегическая культура Китая</kwd><kwd>китайская модель</kwd><kwd>мягкая сила Китая</kwd><kwd>культурные ценности Китая</kwd><kwd>ценности Китая</kwd><kwd>Один пояс</kwd><kwd>один путь</kwd><kwd>Сообщество единой судьбы человечества</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа А. А. Забелла выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-18-00699, https://rscf.ru/project/25-18-00699/</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Anastasia A. Zabella’s research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 25-18-00699, https://rscf.ru/project/25-18-00699/</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazarkina, D. Yu., &amp; Pashentsev, E. N. (2021). BRICS strategic communication: The present and the future. Russia in Global Affairs, 19(3), 64–93. https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2021-19-3-64-93; EDN: IYTTQM</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурлаков В. А. Стратегическая коммуникация как метод современной геополитики // Ойкумена. Регионоведческие исследования. 2016. № 2. С. 7–15. EDN: WKSWLB</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi, Y. (2022). Zhanlüe chuanbo: Suyuan, fazhan ji qi qishi [Strategic communication: Origins, development, and implications]. Duiwai Chuanbo [External Communication], (6), 26–29. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панцерев К. А. Стратегическая коммуникация и информационно-психологическое противоборство: к вопросу вепонизации цифровых платформ // Пути к миру и безопасности. 2025. № 1. С. 53–69. https://doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2025-1-53-69; EDN: ANFQGQ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi, Y., &amp; Wang, J. (2011). Zhanlüe chuanbo chutan [A preliminary study of strategic communication]. Hainan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) [Journal of Hainan Normal University (Social Sciences Edition)], 5, 160–162. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пашенцев Е. Н. Коммуникационный менеджмент и стратегическая коммуникация : современные технологии глобального влияния и управления. Москва : Международный центр социально-политических исследований и консалтинга, 2014. EDN: WLALAF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burlakov, V. A. (2016). Strategic communication as a method of modern geopolitics. Ojkumena. Regional Researches, (2), 7–15. (In Russian). EDN: WKSWLB</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazarkina D. Yu., Pashentsev E. N. BRICS Strategic Communication: The Present and the Future // Russia in Global Affairs. 2021. Vol. 19, no. 3. P. 64–93. https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2021-19-3-64-93; EDN: IYTTQM</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, H., &amp; Zhang, W. (2024). Zhonghua wenhua guoji chuanbo xiaoneng tisheng de zhanlüe zhuanxiang [The strategic shift to enhance the effectiveness of international communication of Chinese culture]. Xinwen Daxue [Journalism University], (4), 1–14. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi Y. Zhanlüe chuanbo: Suyuan, fazhan ji qi qishi [Стратегическая коммуникация: происхождение, развитие и их значение] // Duiwai zhuan bo [Внешняя коммуникация]. 2022. No. 6. P. 26–29. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corman, S. R., Trethewey, A., &amp; Goodall, H. L., Jr. (Eds.). (2008). Weapons of mass persuasion: Strategic communication to combat violent extremism. New York: Peter Lang Inc.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi Y., Wang J. Zhanlüe chuanbo chutan [Предварительное исследование стратегической коммуникации] // Hainan shifan daxue xuebao (Shehui kexue ban) [Журнал Хайнаньского педагогического университета (издание по социальным наукам)]. 2011. Vol. 5. P. 160–162. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng, H. (2009). A dragon on defense: Explaining China’s strategic culture. In J. L. Johnson, K. M. Kartchner, &amp; J. A. Larsen (Eds.), Strategic culture and weapons of mass destruction: Culturally based insights into comparative national security policymaking (pp. 171–187). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618305_11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen H., Zhang W. Zhonghua wenhua guoji chuanbo xiaoneng tisheng de zhanlüe zhuanxiang [Стратегический сдвиг для повышения эффективности международной коммуникации китайской культуры] // Xinwen daxue [Университет журналистики]. 2024. No. 4. P. 1–14. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher, A., &amp; Lucas, S. (Eds.). (2010). Trials of engagement: The future of US public diplomacy. Leiden; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004179400.i-309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng H. A Dragon on Defense: Explaining China’s Strategic Culture // Strategic Culture and Weapons of Mass Destruction : Culturally Based Insights into Comparative National Security Policymaking / ed. by J. L. Johnson, K. M. Kartchner, J. A. Larsen. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. P. 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618305_11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson, K. D. (2009). China’s strategic culture: A perspective for the United States. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute. Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/101982/China_Strategic_Culture_June09.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson K. D. China’s Strategic Culture : A Perspective for the United States. Carlisle, PA : Strategic Studies Institute, 2009. URL: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/101982/China_Strategic_Culture_June09.pdf (accessed: 18.08.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, J., &amp; Tilford, E. H. (1997). Traditional military thinking and the defensive strategy of China. Carlisle, PA: US Army War College Press. Retrieved from https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J., Tilford E. H. Traditional Military Thinking and the Defensive Strategy of China. Carlisle, PA : US Army War College Press, 1997. URL: https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/182 (accessed: 25.06.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, M. (2008). China debates soft power. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2(2), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pon011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M. China Debates Soft Power // The Chinese Journal of International Politics. 2008. Vol. 2, iss. 2. P. 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pon011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu, X. (2021). Xueshu chuanbo zai Zhongguo zhanlüe chuanbo tixi zhong de hexin diwei yu duochong jiazhi [The core position and multiple values of academic communication in China’s strategic communication system]. Xiandai Chuanbo: Zhongguo Chuanmei Daxue Xuebao [Modern Communication: Journal of Communication University of China], (11), 26–32. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu X. Xueshu chuanbo zai zhongguo zhanlüe chuanbo tixi zhong de hexin diwei yu duochong jiazhi [Основная позиция и множественные ценности академической коммуникации в системе стратегической коммуникации Китая] // Xiandai chuanbo: Zhongguo chuanmei daxue xuebao [Современная коммуникация: Журнал Коммуникационного университета Китая]. 2021. Vol. 11. P. 26–32. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mearsheimer, J. (2014). The tragedy of great power politics. New York; London: W. W. Norton &amp; Company.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mearsheimer J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York ; London : W. W. Norton &amp; Company, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ming, L. (2022). Shuzi shidai tisheng guoji chuanbo xiaoneng sikao [Reflections on enhancing the effectiveness of international communication in the digital age]. Zhongguo Keji Xinxi [China Science &amp; Technology Information], 24, 143–145. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ming L. Shuzi shidai tisheng guoji chuanbo xiaoneng sikao [Размышления о повышении эффективности международной коммуникации в цифровую эпоху] // Zhongguo keji xinxi [Китайская научно-техническая информация]. 2022. Vol. 24. P. 143–145. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantserev, K. A. (2025). Strategic communication and psychological warfare: On weaponization of digital platforms. Pathways to Peace and Security, (1), 53–69. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2025-1-53-69; EDN: ANFQGQ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul Ch. Strategic Communication : Origins, Concepts, and Current Debates. Santa Barbara, CA : Praeger, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216019596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashentsev, E. (Ed.). (2020). Strategic communication in EU—Russia relations: Tensions, challenges and opportunities. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27253-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi J. Guanyu zhongguo zhanlüe wenhua de renshi yu sikao [Понимание и размышление о китайской стратегической культуре] // Sunzi bingfa yanjiu [Исследования военного искусства Сунь Цзы]. 2022. Vol. 1–12, no. 2. P. 1–12. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashentsev, E. N. (2014). Communication management and strategic communication: Modern technologies of global influence and management. Moscow: International Center for Social and Political Research and Consulting. (In Russian). EDN: WLALAF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scobell A. China and Strategic Culture. Carlisle, PA : Strategic Studies Institute, 2002. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA402402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul, Ch. (2011). Strategic communication: Origins, concepts, and current debates. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216019596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi A., Tong T. Quanqiu anquan zhili shi yu xia de zhanlüe chuanbo: lishi, lilun yu shijian [Стратегическая коммуникация с точки зрения управления глобальной безопасностью: история, теория и практика] // Shanghai jiaotong daxue xuebao (zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Вестник Шанхайского коммуникационного университета (издание по философии и социальным наукам)]. 2023. No. 6. P. 11–20. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi, J. (2022). Guanyu zhongguo zhanlüe wenhua de renshi yu sikao [Understanding and reflection on China’s strategic culture]. Sunzi bingfa yanjiu [Research on Sun Tzu’s Art of War], 1–12(2), 1–12. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strategic Communication in EU—Russia Relations : Tensions, Challenges and Opportunities / ed. by E. Pashentsev. Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27253-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scobell, A. (2002). China and strategic culture. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA402402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trials of Engagement : The Future of US Public Diplomacy / ed. by A. Fisher, S. Lucas. Leiden ; Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004179400.i-309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi, A., &amp; Tong, T. (2023). Quanqiu anquan zhili shi yu xia de zhanlüe chuanbo: lishi, lilun yu Shijian [Strategic communication from the perspective of global security governance: History, theory, and practice]. Shanghai jiaotong daxue xuebao (zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)], (6), 11–20. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waltz K. Theory of International Politics. Boston, MA : McGraw-Hill, 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of international politics. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang D. Zhongguo jueqi yao kao zhongguo de zhanlüe wenhua [Подъем Китая зависит от его стратегической культуры] // Keji zhinang [Аналитический центр технологий]. 2009. Vol. 10. P. 48–50. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, D. (2009). Zhongguo jueqi yao kao zhongguo de zhanlüe wenhua [China’s rise depends on its strategic culture]. Keji zhinang [Technology Think Tank], 10, 48–50. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weapons of Mass Persuasion : Strategic Communication to Combat Violent Extremism / ed. by S. R. Corman, A. Trethewey, H. L. Goodall Jr. New York : Peter Lang Inc., 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang, M., &amp; Yin, L. (2024). Meiti ronghe shidai xia guoji chuanbo xiaoneng tisheng lujing tanxi. Zhōngguó méitǐ rónghé fāzhǎn bàogào [Analysis of pathways to enhance international communication effectiveness in the era of media convergence. China media convergence development report]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chuban [Social Sciences Academic Press]. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang M., Yin Le. Meiti ronghe shidai xia guoji chuanbo xiaoneng tisheng lujing tanxi. Zhōngguó méitǐ rónghé fāzhǎn bàogào. [Анализ путей повышения эффективности международной коммуникации в эпоху конвергенции СМИ. Отчет о развитии конвергенции СМИ в Китае]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chuban [Изд-во литературы по общественным наукам], 2024. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yin, Le, &amp; Shen, Zhe. (2023). Ronghe yu chong su: zhonghua wenhua guoji chuanbo de zhineng jishu yingyong ji qushi [Convergence and reconfiguration: The application and trends of intelligent technology in the international communication of Chinese culture]. Duiwai zhuan bo [International Communication], 10, 31–35. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yin Le, Shen Zhe. Ronghe yu chong su: zhonghua wenhua guoji chuanbo de zhineng jishu yingyong ji qushi [Интеграция и преобразование: применение и тенденции интеллектуальных технологий в международной коммуникации китайской культуры] // Duiwai zhuan bo [Внешние коммуникации]. 2023. Vol. 10. P. 31–35. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, L. (2024). Zhonghua minzu gongtongti zhanlüe chuanbo de luoji yu lujing (er) [The logic and pathway of strategic communication for the Chinese nation community (part II)]. Jingji dao kan [Economic Guide], 8, 80–87. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L. Zhonghua minzu gongtongti zhanlüe chuanbo de luoji yu lujing (er) [Логика и путь стратегической коммуникации китайского национального сообщества (II)] // Jingji dao kan [Экономический путеводитель]. 2024. Vol. 8. P. 80–87. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, Li &amp; Zhu, J. (2025). Xin xingshi xia de zhongguo tese zhanlüe chuanbo tixi jiegou: tiaozhan yu lujing [The structure of the strategic communication system with Chinese characteristics in the new situation: Challenges and pathways]. Duiwai zhuan bo [International Communication], (5), 4–8. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Li, Zhu J. Xin xingshi xia de zhongguo tese zhanlüe chuanbo tixi jiegou: tiaozhan yu lujing [Структура системы стратегических коммуникаций с китайской спецификой в ​​новых условиях: вызовы и пути] // Duiwai zhuan bo [Внешние коммуникации]. 2025. No. 5. P. 4–8. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong, S., &amp; Wang, H. (2023). Maozedong guanyu zhanlüe chuanbo de shengdong shijian ji qishi [Mao Zedong’s vibrant practice and inspiration in strategic communication]. Xinwen yu chuanbo yanjiu [Journalism and Communication Research], 12, 21–34. (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Sh., Wang H. Maozedong guanyu zhanlüe chuanbo de shengdong shijian ji qishi [Яркая практика и вдохновение Мао Цзэдуна в области стратегической коммуникации] // Xinwen yu chuanbo yanjiu [Журналистика и исследования в области коммуникации]. 2023. Vol. 12. P. 21–34. (На китайском языке).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuppello, M. (2024). Strategic communication: How China promotes and communicates its political agenda in Latin America. In C. R. Veney &amp; S. O. Abidde (Eds.), China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, power rivalry, and regional implications (pp. 229–260). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9_10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuppello M. Strategic Communication: How China Promotes and Communicates Its Political Agenda in Latin America // China and Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean : History, Power Rivalry, and Regional Implications / ed. by C. R. Veney, S. O. Abidde. Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan, 2024. P. 229–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45166-9_10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
