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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-2-309-321</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PKVQNA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>国际经济关系</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">China and the Countries of the Global South: Uruguay and China Economic Cooperation at the Beginning of the 21st Century</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китай и страны Глобального Юга: экономическое сотрудничество Уругвая и Китая в начале XXI в.</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-6978</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1076-5507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volosyuk</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волосюк</surname><given-names>Ольга Виленовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr.Sc. (History), Professor, Head, Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, руководитель департамента зарубежного регионоведения, факультет мировой экономики и мировой политики</p></bio><email>ovolosiuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Quiroga Cremella</surname><given-names>Carlos</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирога Кремелья</surname><given-names>Карлос</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Master in Asian Studies</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">магистр востоковедения</bio><email>kfkiroga@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Difficult Path from Bipolarity to a Multipolar World Order: To the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Трудный путь от биполярности к многополярному мироустройству: к 80-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне</issue-title><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>321</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Volosyuk O.V., Quiroga Cremella C.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Волосюк О.В., Кирога Кремелья К.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Volosyuk O., Quiroga Cremella C.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volosyuk O.V., Quiroga Cremella C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волосюк О.В., Кирога Кремелья К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Volosyuk O., Quiroga Cremella C.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/44788">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/44788</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the development of relations between China and Latin America, focusing on economic cooperation with Uruguay. The study analyzes the formation of a new economic and political landscape in the Global South, highlighting the specific aspects of China’s policy in this region. The authors identify two key phases in the bilateral relationship between China and Uruguay, spanning nearly twenty-five years, with the 2016 agreement marking a significant milestone in establishing a strategic partnership between the two countries. Using the Global South as a theoretical and methodological marker for scientific inquiry requires a clear methodological framework built around the conceptual parameters of the Global South itself. Uruguay’s approach to the Global South concept is methodologically crucial, given its balanced and moderate foreign policy stance. The article demonstrates how China, seeking to strengthen its position in Latin America, is developing a comprehensive policy to increase trade turnover and investments in the region. Specifically, the dynamics of export and import between China and Uruguay are examined, as well as Uruguay’s role as a strategic partner for China. The authors analyze Uruguay’s legal and institutional environment that facilitates foreign investment and note that despite significant successes in trade, the level of Chinese investments in Uruguay remains relatively low. The article goes on to explore potential reasons for this phenomenon and the prospects for further development of investment cooperation. Special attention is given to the role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which Uruguay joined in 2018, thus becoming the first Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) member to support this Chinese initiative. The article underscores the importance of further deepening the strategic partnership between China and Uruguay, which can serve as a successful example of interaction within the Global South and contribute to the strengthening of the positions of Global South countries on the international stage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрено развитие взаимодействия между Китаем и Латинской Америкой с фокусом на экономическое сотрудничество с Уругваем. Проведен анализ нового экономического и политического ландшафта на Глобальном Юге, подчеркнуты конкретные аспекты политики Китая в этом регионе. Авторы выделяют два ключевых этапа в двусторонних отношениях между Китаем и Уругваем, охватывающих почти 25 лет, причем Соглашение 2016 г. ознаменовало собой важную веху в установлении стратегического партнерства между двумя странами. Использование Глобального Юга в качестве теоретического и методологического маркера для научного исследования требует четкой методологической структуры, построенной вокруг концептуальных параметров самого Глобального Юга. Подход Уругвая к концепции Глобального Юга имеет методологическое значение, учитывая его сбалансированную и умеренную позицию во внешней политике. Показано, как Китай, стремясь укрепить свои позиции в Латинской Америке, разрабатывает комплексную политику по увеличению товарооборота и инвестиций в регионе. В частности, рассматривается динамика экспорта и импорта между Китаем и Уругваем, а также роль Уругвая как стратегического партнера для Китая. Изучена правовая и институциональная среда Уругвая, благоприятствующая иностранным инвестициям, и отмечено, что, несмотря на значительные успехи в торговле, уровень китайских инвестиций в Уругвай остается относительно низким. Выявлены возможные причины этого явления и перспективы дальнейшего развития инвестиционного сотрудничества. Особое внимание уделено роли инициативы «Один пояс, один путь», к которой Уругвай присоединился в 2018 г., став первым членом Общего рынка стран Южного конуса (МЕРКОСУР), поддержавшим данную китайскую инициативу. Подчеркивается важность дальнейшего углубления стратегического партнерства между Китаем и Уругваем, которое может служить успешным примером взаимодействия в рамках Глобального Юга и способствовать укреплению позиций стран Глобального Юга на международной арене.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Latin America</kwd><kwd>economic relations</kwd><kwd>investments</kwd><kwd>MERCOSUR</kwd><kwd>comprehensive strategic partnership</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Латинская Америка</kwd><kwd>торговые отношения</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd><kwd>МЕРКОСУР</kwd><kwd>всеобъемлющее стратегическое партнерство</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreev, A. S. (2015). Uruguay in international relations. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 15(4), 85–91.  (In Russian). 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