<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44782</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-2-223-235</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MKTVZU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>双方关系历史</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Image of the African Other in French Cinema During the Collapse of the Colonial Empire, 1945-1960</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Образ африканского Другого во французском кино периода распада колониальной империи в 1945-1960 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-3976</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7931-0064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilov</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилов</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of World History</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры всеобщей истории</p></bio><email>antongavrilov96@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-3398</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1303-9550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of World History</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории</p></bio><email>zueva-eg@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Difficult Path from Bipolarity to a Multipolar World Order: To the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Трудный путь от биполярности к многополярному мироустройству: к 80-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне</issue-title><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>235</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Gavrilov A.S., Zueva E.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Гаврилов А.С., Зуева Е.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Gavrilov A., Zueva E.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilov A.S., Zueva E.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилов А.С., Зуева Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Gavrilov A., Zueva E.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/44782">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/44782</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>As European society has become increasingly multicultural, interest in the problems of representation of ethnic and racial minorities in contemporary Western cinema has grown significantly. The processes taking place in Western cinema are a response to the political challenges posed by immigration, globalization and the problems of interethnic and international relations. According to some researchers, the roots of these problems should be sought in the colonial past. It is therefore particularly relevant today to look at the history of colonialism and its cultural aspects. Cinema as a historical source provides valuable insights into the manner in which the colonial era constructed cultural boundaries between the West and the East, as well as between the colonizer and the colonized Other. In particular, Third Republic films about colonies in Africa supported the colonial discourse of their time, reflecting the power of the French colonial empire, and portraying the colonizers as noble, brave, and selfless and the colonized “others” as exotic, savage, and rebellious. However, after the World War II, in the wake of decolonization, the relevance of previous approaches to representing the empire and its possessions was called into question. This article reveals the influence of the political decolonization process on the ideological content of French cinema about the Empire during specified period, the changing approaches to the visual representation of the colonized Other, and how these changes were perceived by the audience. According to the authors, such historical research can help to better understand the origins of modern phenomena in European cinema and Western culture in general. The work uses French films from 1945-1960 as historical sources. The authors examine cinema through the frame of postcolonial theory, as a tool for strengthening colonial power and forming ideas about the colonized Other. In analyzing the films, the authors use an approach that examines their genesis, content, cinematic imagery and public response. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the need to soften the colonial discourse in the context of the Empire collapse led to the ideological content of the Fourth Republic’s cinema becoming more contradictory. It reflected, on the one hand, nostalgia for the past imperial greatness, and on the other, uncertainty, a desire to stay away from current problems, and even sympathy for the anticolonial movement. Stereotypical ideas about the colonized, although they did not completely disappear from the screens, still evolved along with how the empire itself transformed, giving rise to images of the Other that were atypical of the earlier period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>По мере того как европейское общество становится все более мультикультурным, интерес к проблемам репрезентации этнических и расовых меньшинств в современном западном кинематографе заметно растет. Процессы, происходящие в западном кино, являются ответом на политические вызовы, связанные с вопросами иммиграции, глобализации, проблемами межэтнических и международных отношений, корни которых, по мнению некоторых исследователей, следует искать в колониальном прошлом. Поэтому обращение к истории колониализма, его культурным аспектам сегодня приобретает особую актуальность. Рассмотрение кинематографа в качестве исторического источника может дать полезные сведения о том, каким образом в колониальную эпоху выстраивались культурные границы между Западом и Востоком, колонизатором и колонизированным Другим. В частности, фильмы времен Третьей республики, рассказывавшие о колониях в Африке, поддерживали колониальный дискурс своего времени, отражали силу французской колониальной империи, изображая колонизаторов благородными, храбрыми и самоотверженными, а колонизированных «других» - экзотическими, дикими и непокорными. Однако после Второй мировой войны в условиях начавшейся деколонизации актуальность прежних подходов к репрезентации империи и ее владений оказалась под вопросом. В исследовании выявлено влияние процесса политической деколонизации на идеологическое содержание французского кино об империи в указанный период, рассмотрено изменение подходов к визуальной репрезентации колонизированного Другого и то, как эти перемены воспринимались зрительской аудиторией. По мнению авторов, такое историческое исследование может помочь лучше понять истоки современных явлений в европейском кинематографе и западной культуре в целом. В качестве исторических источников в работе используются французские фильмы 1945-1960 гг. Кинематограф рассматривается авторами в ракурсе постколониальной теории как инструмент укрепления колониальной власти и формирования представлений о колонизированном Другом. При анализе кинокартин используется подход, включающий изучение истории их создания, содержания, кинообразов и реакции публики. На основе анализа сделан вывод, что необходимость смягчить колониальный дискурс в условиях распада империи привела к тому, что идеологическое содержание кино Четвертой республики стало более противоречивым. В нем отразились, с одной стороны, ностальгия по былому имперскому величию, а с другой - неуверенность, желание абстрагироваться от актуальных проблем и даже сочувствие антиколониальному движению. Стереотипные представления о колонизированном, хотя и не исчезли с экранов полностью, все же эволюционировали вместе с трансформацией самой империи, порождая нетипичные для предшествующего периода образы Другого.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Africa</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>decolonization</kwd><kwd>cinema</kwd><kwd>representation</kwd><kwd>colonial discourse</kwd><kwd>stereotype</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Африка</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>деколонизация</kwd><kwd>кинематограф</kwd><kwd>репрезентация</kwd><kwd>колониальный дискурс</kwd><kwd>стереотип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., &amp; Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-colonial studies: The key concepts. (3rd edition). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978023777855</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков Е. В., Пономарева Е. В. Игровое кино как исторический источник для изучения культурной памяти // Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Социально-гуманитарные науки. 2012. № 10. С. 22–26. EDN: NKXOMO</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bancel, N., Blanchard, P., Thomas, D., &amp; Pernsteiner, A. (2017). The colonial legacy in France: Fracture, rupture, and apartheid. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20060bg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирзеханов В. С. Идея превосходства и расовая иерархия во французской колониальной культуре //  Электронный научно-образовательный журнал «История». 2014. Т. 5, № 4. С. 9. EDN: TDRUGT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benali, A. (1998). Le Cinéma colonial au Maghreb: L’imaginaire en tromp-l’œil. Paris: Cerf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирзеханов В. С. Роль кинематографа в формировании колониального мифа и колониальной культуры во Франции XX в. // Электронный научно-образовательный журнал «История» 2021. Т. 12, № 3. C. 24. https://doi.org/10.18254/S207987840014607-6; EDN: VTZCNX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard, P., Lemaire, S., Bancel, N., &amp; Thomas, D. (Eds.). (2014). Colonial culture in France since the revolution. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саид Э. В. Культура и империализм. Санкт-Петербург : Владимир Даль, 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buss, R. (1988). The French through their films. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саид Э. В. Ориентализм : [постколониальная теория : 18+] / перевод К. Лопаткиной. Москва : Музей современного искусства «Гараж», 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowans, J. (2015). Empire films and the crisis of colonialism, 1946 -1959. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.39943</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashcroft B., Griffiths G., Tiffin H. Post-Colonial Studies : The Key Concepts. 3rd edition. London : Routledge, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/978023777855</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crisp, C. (2015). French cinema - A critical filmography: Volume 2, 1940-1958. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benali A. Le Cinéma colonial au Maghreb : l’imaginaire en tromp-l’œil. Paris : Cerf, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delmeulle, F., Dubreil, S., &amp; Lefebvre, T. (Eds.). (1993). Du réel au simulacre: cinéma, photographie et histoire. Paris: L’Harmattan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buss R. The French Through Their Films. London : B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genova, J. E. (2013). Cinema and development in West Africa. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cinema, Colonialism, Postcolonialism : Perspectives from the French and Francophone World / ed. by D. Sherzer. Austin : University of Texas Press, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayward, S. (2010). French costume drama of the 1950s: Fashioning politics in film. Bristol, UK; Chicago: Intellect.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colonial Culture in France since the Revolution / ed. by P. Blanchard, S. Lemaire, N. Bancel, D. Thomas. Bloomington, Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalter, Ch. (2016). The discovery of the Third World: Decolonization and the rise of the New Left in France, c.1950-1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139696906</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowans J. Empire Films and the Crisis of Colonialism, 1946 –1959. Baltimore, MD : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.39943</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majumdar, M. A. (2007). Postcoloniality: The French dimension. New York: Berghahn Books.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crisp C. French Cinema — A Critical Filmography: Volume 2, 1940–1958. Bloomington, Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller, Ch. L. (2008). The French Atlantic triangle: Literature and culture of the slave trade. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du réel au simulacre : cinéma, photographie et histoire / dir. par F. Delmeulle, S. Dubreil, T. Lefebvre. Paris : L’Harmattan, 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirzekhanov, V. S. (2021). The role of cinema in the formation of colonial myth and colonial culture in 20th-сentury France. Istoriya, 12(3), 24. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18254/S207987840014607-6; EDN: VTZCNX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genova J. E. Cinema and Development in West Africa. Bloomington, Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirzekhanov, V. S. (2014). The supremacy idea and racial hierarchy in the French colonial culture. Istoriya, 5(4), 9. (In Russian). EDN: TDRUGT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayward S. French Costume Drama of the 1950s : Fashioning Politics in Film. Bristol, UK ; Chicago : Intellect, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nayar, P.K. (2012). Colonial voices: The discourses of empire. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118279007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalter Ch. The Discovery of the Third World : Decolonization and the Rise of the New Left in France,  c. 1950–1976. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139696906</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pieterse, J. N. (1992). White on black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western popular culture. New Haven: Yale University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Majumdar M. A. Postcoloniality : The French Dimension. New York : Berghahn Books, 2007. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781845452520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponzanesi, S., &amp; Waller, M. (2012). Postcolonial cinema studies (1st edition). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203181478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller Ch. L. The French Atlantic Triangle : Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade. Durham, NC : Duke University Press, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Said, E. W. (2012). Culture and imperialism. Saint Petersburg: Vladimir Dal’ publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nayar P. K. Colonial Voices : The Discourses of Empire. Chichester : John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118279007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Said, E. W. (2021). Orientalism. Moscow: Muzei sovremennogo iskusstva “Garazh” publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pieterse J. N. White on Black : Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven : Yale University Press, 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherzer, D. (Ed.). (1996). Cinema, colonialism, postcolonialism: Perspectives from the French and Francophone world. Austin: University of Texas Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponzanesi S., Waller M. Postcolonial Cinema Studies. London : Routledge, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203181478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shohat, E., &amp; Stam, R. (1994). Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the media. London; New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shohat E., Stam R. Unthinking Eurocentrism : Multiculturalism and the Media. London; New York : Routledge, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slavin, D. H. (1998). Colonial cinema and imperial France, 1919-1939: White blind spots, male fantasies, and settler myths. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slavin D. H. Colonial Cinema and Imperial France, 1919–1939 : White Blind Spots, Male Fantasies, and Settler Myths. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soldé, V. (2020). Cinéma, colonialisme et anticolonialisme dans les revues de ciné-clubs confessionnelles ou laïques en France dans l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale. In H. El Bachir &amp; P. Laborderie (Eds.), Images et réceptions croisées entre l’Algérie et la France (pp. 69-87). Québec: ESBC. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3866074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soldé V. Cinéma, colonialisme et anticolonialisme dans les revues de ciné-clubs confessionnelles ou laïques en France dans l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale // Images et réceptions croisées entre l’Algérie et la France / dir. par H. El Bachir, P. Laborderie. Québec : ESBC, 2020. P. 69–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3866074</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorlin, P. (1991). The fanciful empire: French feature films and the colonies in the 1930s. French Cultural Studies, 2(5), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/095715589100200502; EDN: JLZKUT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorlin P. The Fanciful Empire: French Feature Films and the Colonies in the 1930s // French Cultural Studies. 1991. Vol. 2, no. 5. P. 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/095715589100200502; EDN: JLZKUT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stam, R. (2000). Film theory: An introduction. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stam R. Film Theory : An Introduction. Malden, Mass. : Blackwell, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart, M. (2018). ‘Images of diversity’: Film policy and the state struggle for the representation of difference in French cinema. In M. Gott &amp; T. Schilt (Eds.), Cinema-monde: Decentred perspectives on global filmmaking in French (pp. 282-303). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474414999-017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart M. ‘Images of Diversity’: Film Policy and the State Struggle for the Representation of Difference in French Cinema // Cinema-monde : Decentred Perspectives on Global Filmmaking in French / ed. by M. Gott, T. Schilt. Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2018. P. 282–303. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474414999-017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov, E. V., &amp; Ponomareva, E. V. (2012). Fiction film as a historic source for the studying of cultural memory. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Social Sciences and the Humanities, (10), 22-26. (In Russian). EDN: NKXOMO</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Colonial Legacy in France : Fracture, Rupture, and Apartheid / ed. by N. Bancel, P. Blanchard, D. Thomas. Bloomington, Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20060bg</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
