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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43458</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-1-56-66</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JPTSOK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fragmentation of the Global Monetary and Financial System in the Context of Rising Geopolitical Tensions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фрагментация мировой валютно-финансовой системы в условиях роста геополитической напряженности</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-0667</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3219-0542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Aleksei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sc. (Economics), Senior Researcher, Professor, Chair of World Economy and World Finance</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник, профессор кафедры мировой экономики и мировых финансов</p></bio><email>kuznetsov0572@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Threats in the Context  of the Formation of a Multipolar World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Традиционные и нетрадиционные угрозы безопасности  в условиях формирования многополярного мира</issue-title><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kuznetsov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кузнецов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Kuznetsov A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Kuznetsov A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/43458">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/43458</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global monetary and financial system, as a form of organization of international monetary and financial relations, is designed to provide framework conditions for the unimpeded exchange of goods, services and capital between countries, in order to maintain sustainable economic growth. Currently, the functionality of the international currency standard is exposed to the influence of disintegration processes in the global economy and global finance, which are caused by the growth of geopolitical tensions. The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the main institutional aspects of the fragmentation of the global monetary and financial system, taking into account their impact on the transformation of the global financial architecture. It is demonstrated that the geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China is caused by the desire to overcome their interdependence in the areas of global supply chains and the production of new-generation semiconductors, respectively. The article discusses the main trends that are currently characterizing the fragmentation of the global monetary and financial system, such as institutional dysfunctionality, the bloc confrontation between mature and emerging financial and economic centers, de-dollarization of international reserves and digitalization of international settlements. The article substantiates the influence of these trends on the transformation of the global financial architecture, which is manifested in the crisis of the institutional foundations of the global monetary and financial system and the chaotic reorganization of international monetary and financial relations under the influence of digitalization processes. The article identifies the reasons for the institutional dysfunctionality of the global monetary and financial system, including the decline in the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a lender of last resort and the loss of state control over the growth of the money supply in the global economy. It also examines the factors explaining the motivation of central banks to diversify the structure of official foreign exchange reserves. Particular attention is paid to the problem of introducing central bank digital currencies as a method of counteracting the asymmetric use of the US dollar at the international level and as a way of improving international financial stability. It is concluded that changing the position of the US dollar in the global financial architecture, as a key international liquidity, depends on the efforts of the world’s majority countries in creating a systemic alternative to the current international monetary order based on advanced financial technologies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мировая валютно-финансовая система как форма организации международных валютно-финансовых отношений призвана обеспечивать рамочные условия для беспрепятственного обмена между странами товарами, услугами и капиталами с целью поддержания устойчивого экономического роста. В настоящее время функциональность международного валютного стандарта подвержена воздействию обусловленных ростом геополитической напряженности дезинтеграционных процессов в мировой экономике и мировых финансах. Цель исследования - выявить и охарактеризовать основные институциональные аспекты фрагментации мировой валютно-финансовой системы с учетом их влияния на трансформацию мировой финансовой архитектуры. Методологически исследование опирается на историко-логический и системный подходы, позволившие установить, что текущий кризис международных отношений - это форма проявления глобального противоборства между действующим и потенциальным лидером мировой экономики за контроль над основными сферами корпоративного бизнеса в условиях современных технологических трансформаций. Обсуждаются такие основные тенденции, характеризующие фрагментацию мировой валютно-финансовой системы, как институциональная дисфункциональность, блоковое противостояние между текущим и формирующимся финансово-экономическими центрами, дедолларизация международных резервов и цифровизация международных расчетов. Обосновано влияние этих тенденций на трансформацию мировой финансовой архитектуры, которая проявляется в кризисе институциональных основ мировой валютно-финансовой системы и хаотичной реорганизации международных валютно-финансовых отношений под влиянием процессов цифровизации. Определены такие причины институциональной дисфункциональности мировой валютно-финансовой системы, как снижение роли Международного валютного фонда (МВФ) в качестве кредитора последней инстанции и утрата государственного контроля над ростом денежной массы в мировой экономике. Рассмотрены факторы, объясняющие мотивацию центральных банков в диверсификации структуры официальных валютных резервов. Особое внимание уделено проблеме введения цифровых валют центральных банков как метода противодействия асимметричному использованию доллара США на международном уровне и способа повышения международной финансовой стабильности. Сделан вывод, что изменение в мировой финансовой архитектуре позиций доллара США как ключевой международной ликвидности зависит от усилий стран мирового большинства в создании системной альтернативы действующему международному валютному порядку на основе передовых финансовых технологий.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>global economy</kwd><kwd>global finance</kwd><kwd>global financial architecture</kwd><kwd>financial technologies</kwd><kwd>digital currencies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>мировая экономика</kwd><kwd>мировые финансы</kwd><kwd>мировая финансовая архитектура</kwd><kwd>финансовые технологии</kwd><kwd>цифровые валюты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-18-00443, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-00443/</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-18-00443, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-00443/).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbassi, P., Bräuning, F., Fecht, F., &amp; Peydró, J.-L. 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