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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43457</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-1-45-55</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JFALXT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Politicization of Global Energy Supply: Historical and Contemporary Context</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политизация мировой энергетики: исторический и современный контекст</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-5147</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8456-7863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovsky</surname><given-names>Yury V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровский</surname><given-names>Юрий Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sc. (History), Professor, the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России</p></bio><email>yuribor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Threats in the Context  of the Formation of a Multipolar World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Традиционные и нетрадиционные угрозы безопасности  в условиях формирования многополярного мира</issue-title><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Borovsky Y.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Боровский Ю.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Borovsky Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovsky Y.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровский Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Borovsky Y.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/43457">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/43457</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ongoing confrontation between Russia and the West over the conflict in Ukraine has revealed another, and unprecedented, example of the politicization of global energy supply. The politicization of energy supply represents an important phenomenon in international relations, which still lack a proper theoretical elaboration. This article aims to comprehensively examine and typologize the main manifestations of the politicization of global energy supply both in history and in modern international relations, with a special focus on the ‘energy confrontation’ between Russia and the West, provoked by the conflict in Ukraine. Theoretically, the research is based on the existing conceptual elaboration of the term ‘politicization,’ as well as on the vision of international relations by proponents of social constructivism and political realism. It relies on the methods of historical, system and comparative analysis, as well as the method of analogy. The author concludes that the politicization of energy supply is an integral attribute of international relations in the last half century. It can be hidden or open, moderate or extreme. The extreme form of politicization of energy supply, in contrast to the moderate one, involves the use of ‘energy weapons’ for political purposes, which equates it to an energy war. Energy wars can be limited or full-scale; unilateral, bilateral or multilateral. The conflict in Ukraine has provoked an open and extreme politicization of energy supply, which took the form of a full-scale, bilateral energy war after the start of Russia’s special military operation. The United States and its allies, seeking to influence the Russian policy towards Ukraine, have used ‘energy weapons’ to the fullest, and Russia has responded in kind, albeit on a limited scale.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Противостояние, в котором оказались Россия и Запад из-за конфликта на Украине, явило всему миру очередной, причем беспрецедентный пример политизации мировой энергетики. Политизация энергетики - важное явление в международных отношениях, которое пока не получило должной теоретической проработки. Цель исследования - комплексное рассмотрение и типологизация основных международных проявлений политизации энергетики как в истории, так и в современных международных отношениях с особым фокусом на «энергетическом противостоянии» России и Запада, возникшем в ходе конфликта на Украине. Теоретически исследование опирается на существующую концептуальную проработку термина «политизация», а также видение международных отношений сторонниками социального конструктивизма и политического реализма. Применяются методы исторического, системного и сравнительного анализа, а также метод аналогии. Автор приходит к выводу, что политизация энергетики, будучи неотъемлемым атрибутом международных отношений за последние 50 лет, может быть скрытой или открытой, умеренной или крайней. Крайняя форма политизации, в отличие от умеренной, предполагает применение «энергетического оружия» в политических целях, что приравнивает ее к энергетической войне. Энергетические войны могут быть ограниченными или полномасштабными; односторонними (безответными), двусторонними или многосторонними. Конфликт на Украине спровоцировал открытую и крайнюю политизацию энергетики, которая после начала специальной военной операции (СВО) приобрела форму полномасштабной, двусторонней энергетической войны. США и их союзники, желая повлиять на российскую политику в отношении Украины, применили в полной мере свое «энергетическое оружие», и Россия ответила тем же, правда, в ограниченном масштабе.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy supply</kwd><kwd>energy weapon</kwd><kwd>energy war</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>conflict</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>West</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поставки энергоресурсов</kwd><kwd>энергетическое оружие</kwd><kwd>энергетическая война</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>конфликт</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Запад</kwd><kwd>США</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrianov, V. D. (2010). Inflation: Causes of emergence and methods of regulation. Moscow: Ekonomika publ. (In Russian). EDN: VRVQJZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрианов В. Д. 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