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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42200</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2024-24-4-606-615</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MCYIRR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL SECURITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>国际安全</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Peacekeeping Strategies and the Role of Rwanda in the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стратегии миротворчества и роль Руанды в конфликте в Демократической Республике Конго</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-4363</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3806-0961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokeriya</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бокерия</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>bokeria-sa@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6191-1234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mahapa</surname><given-names>Manasa</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махапа</surname><given-names>Манаса</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>1042238084@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3474-3861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiamba</surname><given-names>Anita</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киамба</surname><given-names>Анита</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (International Studies), Senior Lecturer, Department of Diplomacy and International Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор наук (PhD), старший преподаватель факультета дипломатии и международных исследований</p></bio><email>akiamba@uonbi.ac.ke</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Nairobi</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Найроби</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Preserving Identity in a Global World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Сохранение идентичности в глобальном мире</issue-title><fpage>606</fpage><lpage>615</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Bokeriya S.A., Mahapa M., Kiamba A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Бокерия С.А., Махапа М., Киамба А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Bokeriya S., Mahapa M., Kiamba A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bokeriya S.A., Mahapa M., Kiamba A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бокерия С.А., Махапа М., Киамба А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Bokeriya S., Mahapa M., Kiamba A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/42200">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/42200</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the research topic stems from the need to examine the role and place of Rwanda in the internal political conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to further improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping efforts in resource and ethnic conflicts. The article aims to identify Rwanda’s role in the ongoing conflict in the DRC and to evaluate the extent to which its actions have impeded the effectiveness of peacekeeping efforts in the country. The study examines the strategies used by Rwanda in the DRC, including support for armed rebel groups, illegal mining of natural resources, and their impact on the dynamics of the conflict. The authors conclude by emphasizing the need for international intervention and cooperation to address the complex conflict dynamics in the DRC, as well as to help boost peacekeeping efforts of the various parties. Despite the implementation of numerous peacekeeping initiatives since the Second Congolese War to improve relations between the DRC and Rwanda, tensions continue to rise. The principal findings of the study are that Rwanda is involved in the DRC’s continued conflict and exploiting the latter’s internal political instability to plunder Congolese resources, as well as acting as a conduit for the smuggling of the DRC resources destined for Asian, Middle Eastern and Western countries. In conclusion, the authors posit that the conflict should be resolved through diplomatic methods involving the great powers and the African Union (AU). The paper employs a comprehensive approach to the processes and phenomena under consideration and uses the principle of critical evaluation of information. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is offensive realism, which takes into account the desire of states to solve their national security issues first and foremost, even at the expense of their partnership relations with other international actors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения роли и места Руанды во внутриполитическом конфликте в Демократической Республике Конго (ДРК) с целью дальнейшего повышения эффективности миротворческих усилий в условиях ресурсных и этнических конфликтов. Выявлена роль Руанды в конфликте в ДРК и влияние политики, проводимой руандийским правительством, на миротворческие усилия по урегулированию этого конфликта. Рассматриваются стратегии, используемые Руандой в ДРК, включая поддержку вооруженных повстанческих групп и нелегальную добычу природных ископаемых, и воздействие этих стратегий на динамику конфликта. Подчеркивается необходимость международного вмешательства и сотрудничества для решения сложной динамики конфликта в ДРК, а также содействия активизации миротворческих усилий различных сторон. Несмотря на многочисленные миротворческие инициативы со времен Второй конголезской войны, направленные на улучшение отношений между ДРК и Руандой, напряженность продолжает нарастать. Основные выводы исследования заключаются в том, что Руанда участвует в продолжении конфликта в ДРК, используя внутриполитическую нестабильность в последней для разграбления конголезских ресурсов, а также выступая в качестве канала контрабанды ресурсов ДРК, предназначенных для стран Азии, Ближнего Востока и Запада. Авторы приходят к выводу, что конфликт следует урегулировать дипломатическими методами с участием ведущих международных акторов и с привлечением Африканского союза (АС). В работе применяется комплексный подход к рассматриваемым процессам и явлениям, используется принцип критической оценки информации. Теоретико-методологической базой исследования послужил наступательный реализм, учитывающий стремление государств в первую очередь решать вопросы своей национальной безопасности, в том числе и во вред своим партнерским отношениям с другими международными акторами.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peacekeeping</kwd><kwd>Rwandophones</kwd><kwd>Interahamwe</kwd><kwd>March 23 Movement</kwd><kwd>irredentism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>М23</kwd><kwd>миротворчество</kwd><kwd>руандофоны</kwd><kwd>интерахамве</kwd><kwd>Движение 23 марта</kwd><kwd>М23</kwd><kwd>ирредентизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01195, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01195/.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-28-01195, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01195/.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeriya, S. 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