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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2024-24-4-520-533</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LTWJIH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Azerbaijani Factor in the Clash of the Iranian and Turkish ‘Crescents’: A ‘Geopolitical New Moon’ in the South Caucasus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Азербайджанский фактор в столкновении иранского и турецкого «полумесяцев»: «геополитическое новолуние» на Южном Кавказе</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-5553</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5198-7708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aghazada</surname><given-names>Mirmehdi M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агазаде</surname><given-names>Мирмехти Миркамил оглы</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>agazade-mm@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Preserving Identity in a Global World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Сохранение идентичности в глобальном мире</issue-title><fpage>520</fpage><lpage>533</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Aghazada M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Агазаде М.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Aghazada M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aghazada M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агазаде М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Aghazada M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/42194">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/42194</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Türkiye, two historical rivals in the South Caucasus and the Middle East, pay special attention to relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan. This is primarily due to ethnolinguistic, religious-ideological, and geopolitical factors. The aim of the paper is to identify the distinctive characteristics of the Iranian and Turkish crescents, as well as Azerbaijan’s place in the clash of these two foreign policy strategies. The Iranian crescent refers to Iran’s influence and/or presence in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, and Yemen. The author introduces the term ‘Turkish crescent’ as Türkiye’s foreign policy strategy, the main aim of which is to strengthen the country’s position in the South Caucasus and the Middle East by building up military forces and expanding trade and economic ties, as well as to contain Iranian influence in the region. The Turkish crescent means Türkiye’s influence and/or presence in Libya, Cyprus, Syria, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Qatar, and Somalia. The term ‘geopolitical new moon’ refers to the new geopolitical realities that emerged after the Second Karabakh War in the South Caucasus and have an impact on the regional security architecture, including the policies of Iran and Türkiye in this region. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the Iranian and Turkish crescents and the use of the Azerbaijani factor by Iran and Türkiye in implementing their strategies against each other. This paper is based on constructive realism, as religious, ideological, and ethnic factors play a special role in the rivalry between Iran and Türkiye in the South Caucasus and the Middle East, along with military, political, and economic factors. The author employs a descriptive-analytical approach, gathering necessary information from documents, scientific papers, media materials, and comparative analysis to assess the impact of the rivalry between Türkiye and Iran on Azerbaijan’s foreign policy orientation. It can be concluded that Iran lost to Türkiye in the Azerbaijani segment of the clash of two ‘crescents.’</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исламская Республика Иран и Турецкая Республика, два исторических соперника на Южном Кавказе и Ближнем Востоке, уделяют особое внимание отношениям с Азербайджанской Республикой. Это обусловлено прежде всего этнолингвистическим, религиозно-идеологическим и геополитическим факторами. Цель исследования - выявить особенности иранского и турецкого «полумесяцев», а также место Азербайджана в столкновении этих двух геополитических проектов. Под «иранским полумесяцем» подразумевается влияние и/или присутствие Ирана в Ливане, Сирии, Ираке, Азербайджане, Бахрейне и Йемене. Автор вводит термин «турецкий полумесяц» как внешнеполитическую стратегию Турции, основной целью которой является укрепление позиции страны на Южном Кавказе и Ближнем Востоке путем наращивания военных сил и расширения торгово-экономических связей, а также сдерживание иранского влияния в этих регионах. Иными словами, «турецкий полумесяц» подразумевает влияние и/или присутствие Турции в Ливии, на Кипре, в Сирии, Ираке, Азербайджане, Катаре и Сомали. Под термином «геополитическое новолуние» понимаются новые геополитические реалии, сложившиеся после Второй карабахской войны на Южном Кавказе и оказывающие влияние на архитектуру региональной безопасности, в том числе политику Тегерана и Анкары в данном регионе. Анализируются особенности иранского и турецкого «полумесяцев», использование властями Исламской Республики Иран и Турецкой Республики азербайджанского фактора в реализации их стратегий друг против друга. В основе данного исследования лежит конструктивный реализм, поскольку в соперничестве Ирана и Турции на Южном Кавказе и Ближнем Востоке наряду с военно-политическими и экономическими факторами особую роль играют религиозный, идеологический и этнический факторы. Автор также использует описательно-аналитический подход, опирающийся на изучение документов, научных работ, материалов СМИ, и метод сравнительного анализа для определения степени влияния соперничества между Турцией и Ираном на внешнеполитическую ориентацию Азербайджана. В заключении сделан вывод, что Исламская Республика Иран проиграла Турецкой Республике в азербайджанском сегменте столкновения двух «полумесяцев».</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iranian crescent</kwd><kwd>Turkish crescent</kwd><kwd>Republic of Azerbaijan</kwd><kwd>Islamic Republic of Iran</kwd><kwd>Republic of Türkiye</kwd><kwd>religious factor</kwd><kwd>Shi‘ism</kwd><kwd>Sunnism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иранский полумесяц</kwd><kwd>турецкий полумесяц</kwd><kwd>Азербайджанская Республика</kwd><kwd>Исламская Республика Иран</kwd><kwd>Турецкая Республика</kwd><kwd>религиозный фактор</kwd><kwd>шиизм</kwd><kwd>суннизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aghazada, M. M. (2021). Azerbaijani-Iranian relations: Main directions and features in 1991–2019 (historiographical overview). 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