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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37252</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-4-620-642</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OELKDL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Activities of the Turkish Maarif Educational Foundation in Confrontation with the Hizmet Movement</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Деятельность турецкого просветительского фонда «Маариф» в контексте противостояния движению «Хизмет»</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-735X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chedia</surname><given-names>Anri R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чедия</surname><given-names>Анри Робертович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Research Fellow, School of International Regional Studies; Research Fellow, Laboratory for Contemporary Iranian Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник департамента зарубежного регионоведения; научный сотрудник Научной учебной лаборатории исследований современного Ирана</p></bio><email>achedia@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye: International Dimension</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">100 лет Турецкой Республике: международное измерение</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>620</fpage><lpage>642</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Chedia A.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Чедия А.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Chedia A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chedia A.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чедия А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Chedia A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/37252">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/37252</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Educational programs can be a valuable tool in the cultural diplomacy of modern countries. As a soft power tool, organizations seek to expand their geographic reach by opening educational institutions in different parts of the world in order to spread the influence of their state. In Türkiye, such an organization has long been the Hizmet movement, and in recent years it has been a state-owned the Maarif Foundation . In the study, for the first time in Russian Oriental Studies, an analysis of the activities of the Turkish state Maarif educational foundation in the confrontation with the banned in Türkiye and a number of countries’ Hizmet movements is conducted. Since the declaration of this structure as a terrorist organization on the territory of Türkiye, the Maarif Foundation has been reassigning educational institutions around the world. The most important event in this regard is the coup attempt of July 15, 2016, in which Fethullah Gülen, the ideological mastermind of the movement, was accused. As a result, all schools associated with the Hizmet movement were closed in Türkiye. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that it considers almost the only case in history of confrontation between two organizations, which are instruments of “soft power” of a country. The purpose of the study is to examine the current issues of the Maarif Foundation’s activities as part of the confrontation with the Hizmet movement. The work includes a qualitative analysis of the official documents of the Turkish state foundation, the laws of the Republic of Türkiye, as well as a discourse analysis of Hizmet’s media products. As a result, it was revealed that despite the rather successful work of the Turkish state educational organization in question, it is not necessary to speak about the complete defeat of Hizmet by the beginning of 2023. By now Maarif state foundation regulates the activity of educational institutions in 49 countries, while according to our calculations the Gülen movement retains a high status in 60 states. It has been revealed that Hizmet’s activities directly or indirectly influence Türkiye’s interstate relations with those countries where Gülen schools operate. It has been established that the demands of the Turkish side to close the institutions of the movement have led to short-lived diplomatic crises between Ankara and some of the host countries. It has been shown that the emergence of Maarif in a particular country does not necessarily lead to the closure of Gülen institutions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Образовательные программы являются важным инструментом культурной дипломатии современных стран. Выступая в качестве «мягкой силы», организации стремятся расширить географию своей деятельности за счет открытия учебных заведений в разных уголках мира для распространения влияния своего государства. В Турции такой структурой долгое время являлось движение «Хизмет», а в последние годы - организация «Маариф». Впервые в российском востоковедении проведен анализ деятельности турецкого государственного образовательного фонда «Маариф» в рамках противостояния с запрещенным на территории Турции и ряде стран движением «Хизмет». С момента объявления этой структуры террористической организацией на территории Турции фонд «Маариф» осуществляет переподчинение образовательных учреждений по всему миру. В связи с этим важнейшим событием является попытка государственного переворота 15 июля 2016 г., в которой обвинялся идейный вдохновитель движения «Хизмет» Фетхуллах Гюлен. После этого на территории Турции были закрыты практически все школы, связанные с движением «Хизмет». Релевантность исследования определяется тем, что в нем рассматривается чуть ли не единственный в истории случай противостояния двух организаций, являющихся инструментами «мягкой силы» одной и той же страны. Цель исследования - рассмотрение актуальных вопросов деятельности фонда «Маариф» в рамках противостояния с движением «Хизмет». В ходе работы проведен качественный анализ официальных документов турецкого государственного фонда, законов Турецкой Республики, а также дискурс-анализ медиапродуктов «Хизмет». Было выявлено, что, несмотря на довольно успешную работу рассматриваемой турецкой государственной просветительской организации, говорить о полном упразднении «Хизмет» к настоящему времени не приходится. По состоянию на сентябрь 2023 г., государственный фонд «Маариф» регулирует деятельность учебных заведений в 49 странах мира, в то время как движение Ф. Гюлена сохраняет высокий статус в 60 государствах. Выявлено, что деятельность «Хизмет» прямо или косвенно влияет на межгосударственные отношения Турции с теми странами, где функционируют гюленовские школы. Сделан вывод, что требования турецкой стороны закрыть учреждения структуры приводили к непродолжительным дипломатическим кризисам в отношениях Анкары с «принимающей» страной. Показано, что появление «Маариф» в конкретной стране необязательно приводит к закрытию гюленовских учреждений.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Türkiye</kwd><kwd>Fethullah Gülen</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>charter schools</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Турция</kwd><kwd>Фетхуллах Гюлен</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>чартерные школы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akgün, B., &amp; Özkan, M. (2020). 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