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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37251</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-4-609-619</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OAGJTR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Importance of Soft Power in Türkiye’s Foreign Policy in 2002-2022</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значимость «мягкой силы» во внешней политике Турции в 2002-2022 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-7637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yenokyan</surname><given-names>Artyom V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енокян</surname><given-names>Артём Вачаганович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (History), Assistant, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ассистент, кафедра теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>enokyan-av@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye: International Dimension</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">100 лет Турецкой Республике: международное измерение</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>609</fpage><lpage>619</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Yenokyan A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Енокян А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Yenokyan A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yenokyan A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Енокян А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Yenokyan A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/37251">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/37251</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">After a difficult path of criticism and justification, the concept of soft power has found its place in the international academic environment and has given a new breath and creative motivation to important scientific research in the field of international relations, which aims to create new concepts that can respond to the challenges of the modern world order. Along with the world powers, this concept was thoroughly taken up by Türkiye, which had the historical, cultural and geographical resources to put it into practice. A large number of neighbors and a complicated history of relations force Ankara not only to rely on traditional ways of diplomacy, but also to find other forms for the successful realization of its foreign policy interests. Compared to Turkish foreign policy before 2002, Türkiye’s soft power has increased significantly since the Justice and Development Party came to power and has become one of the priorities of its foreign policy strategy. It is important to emphasize that state and non-state institutions, which are the main instruments of this policy, do not compete with each other but successfully complement each other. Türkiye has ambitiously sought to create its own original model of “soft power,” with an emphasis on historical heritage and cultural commonality. Türkiye’s toolkit for realizing its soft power is quite extensive. Türkiye adopts the best practices of leading international actors and actively implements its own approaches and understandings with a focus on culture, state and non-state organizations, and education policy. In this context, soft power policy for Türkiye has proven to be very viable and attractive. Türkiye’s soft power potential, which has been successfully manifested from the Balkans and the Middle East to the Caucasus and Central Asia, has serious cultural and historical foundations and contributes to the promotion of Turkish interests in areas of special interest. Over the past two decades, Türkiye’s soft power policy, which is based on historical-cultural and religious traditions, geographical and economic resources, has become one of the main directions of its foreign policy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Пройдя непростой путь критики и обоснования, концепция «мягкой силы» нашла свое место в международной академической среде и дала новое дыхание и творческую мотивацию для важных научных исследований в сфере международных отношений, цель которых - создание новых концепций, способных ответить на вызовы современного мироустройства. Наряду с мировыми державами данную концепцию решительно подхватила и Турция, у которой были исторические, культурные и географические ресурсы для ее практического воплощения. Многочисленность соседей и непростая история взаимоотношений вынуждают Анкару основываться не только на традиционных путях ведения дипломатии, но и находить другие формы для успешной реализации своих внешнеполитических интересов. По сравнению с внешней политикой Турции до 2002 г. «мягкая сила» страны с приходом к власти Партии справедливости и развития заметно возросла и стала одним из приоритетных направлений ее внешнеполитической стратегии. При этом важно, что государственные и негосударственные институты, являющиеся основными инструментами данной политики, не конкурируют, а успешно дополняют друг друга. Турция амбициозно стремилась к созданию собственной оригинальной модели «мягкой силы» с акцентом на историческое наследие и культурную общность. Инструментарий Турции в реализации своей «мягкой силы» достаточно обширный. Турция перенимает передовой опыт ведущих международных акторов и активно внедряет собственные подходы и понимания с акцентом на культуру, государственные и негосударственные некоммерческие организации, религиозные организации, образовательную политику. В этом контексте политика «мягкой силы» для Турции оказалась очень жизнеспособной и привлекательной. Потенциал «мягкой силы» Турции, который успешно проявляется от Балкан и Ближнего Востока до Кавказа и Центральной Азии, имеет серьезные культурно-исторические основания и способствует продвижению интересов Анкары в зонах особых интересов. За последние два десятилетия политика «мягкой силы» Турции, которая опирается на историко-культурные и религиозные традиции, географические и экономические ресурсы, стала одним из главных направлений ее внешней политики.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cultural diplomacy</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Justice and Development Party</kwd><kwd>regional leadership</kwd><kwd>historical heritage</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культурная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>Партия справедливости и развития</kwd><kwd>региональное лидерство</kwd><kwd>историческое наследие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aras, B. (2009). Davutoğlu era in Turkish foreign policy. Insight Turkey, 11(3), 127—142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аватков В. А. 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