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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32174</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-3-537-553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Latin American Experience of Paradiplomacy: The Case of Mercocities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Латиноамериканский опыт парадипломатии: кейс Меркосьюдадес</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-9719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alibalaev</surname><given-names>Muradin M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алибалаев</surname><given-names>Мурадин Мемедханович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>amm.98@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-2774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Денис Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor, Department of World Politics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры мировых политических процессов</p></bio><email>kuznetsov.d.a@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Latin American Identity Discourse and a New Regional Integration Agenda</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Латиноамериканский дискурс идентичности и новая региональная интеграционная повестка</issue-title><fpage>537</fpage><lpage>553</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Alibalaev M.M., Kuznetsov D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Алибалаев М.М., Кузнецов Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alibalaev M.M., Kuznetsov D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алибалаев М.М., Кузнецов Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/32174">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/32174</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">At present, the nature and scope of paradiplomacy vary depending on the level of political activeness of the regions, local challenges and the willingness of both states and sub-national entities to implement paradiplomacy strategies. Latin America, taken as an object of study, is no exception. Over the past three decades, Latin America has gained considerable experience of interaction at the level of cities and sub-national regions. The aim of the research is to identify the key features and problems that shape the development of paradiplomacy in South America, using Mercociudades (Mercocities) as an example. This network includes cities of MERCOSUR member states, while remaining open to other cities. Mercociudades might be regarded as the largest and most influential actor of that nature, whose aim is to develop regional units. Relying on case study, document analysis, comparative analysis and SWOT technique, the authors reveal some problems of institutional and organizational nature, differences in legal frameworks of different actors and irrelevance of separate Mercociudades projects and structures for tackling common challenges. Many of the shortcomings of Mercociudades lie in the very nature of the network, determined by its structure and the policies of MERCOSUR member states. At the same time, it is argued that the Mercociudades network can be considered one of the most advanced paradiplomacy cases. Its experience is relatively successful, contributing to the economic, social and political development of the member cities and states concerned. The research is based on official documents and respectful academic sources.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В настоящее время сущность и масштабы парадипломатии варьируются в зависимости от уровня политической активности регионов, локальных вызовов и готовности как государств, так и субнациональных единиц к реализации парадипломатических стратегий. Латинская Америка, взятая в качестве объекта изучения, не является исключением. На протяжении последних трех десятилетий в Латинской Америке был накоплен значительный опыт взаимодействия на уровне городов и субнациональных регионов. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы выявить ключевые особенности и проблемы, которые определяют развитие парадипломатии в Южной Америке, на примере Меркосьюдадес - Mercociudades (Mercocities). В данную сеть входят города государств - членов Общего рынка стран Южной Америки (МЕРКОСУР), при этом она остается открытой для других городов. Меркосьюдадес можно считать крупнейшим и наиболее влиятельным субъектом такого рода, целью которого является развитие региональных единиц. Опираясь на кейс-стади, анализ документов, сравнительный анализ и методику SWOT, авторы выявляют проблемы институционального и организационного характера, различия в правовых рамках различных акторов и слабость отдельных проектов и структур Меркосьюдадес. Многие недостатки в деятельности Меркосьюдадес кроются в самой природе Сети, определяются ее структурой и политикой государств - членов МЕРКОСУР. В то же время обосновывается, что сеть Меркосьюдадес можно считать одним из наиболее продвинутых кейсов парадипломатии. Приобретенный опыт можно оценить как относительно успешный, способствующий экономическому, социальному и политическому развитию городов-членов и соответствующих государств. Исследование основано на анализе официальных документов и данных авторитетных академических источников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paradiplomacy</kwd><kwd>Latin America</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>Mercociudades</kwd><kwd>Mercocities</kwd><kwd>MERCOSUR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парадипломатия</kwd><kwd>Латинская Америка</kwd><kwd>Южная Америка</kwd><kwd>Меркосьюдадес</kwd><kwd>МЕРКОСУР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abylgaziyev, I. I., Ilyin, I. V., &amp; Sluka, N. A. (Eds.). (2011). City in the context of global processes. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Базаров Б. В. Региональная парадипломатия в трансграничных регионах Сибири и Восточной Азии // Известия Уральского федерального университета. 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