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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-625-641</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Mediterranean Sea Basin as a Single Ecosystem: Problems and Prospects for International Cooperation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Бассейн Средиземного моря как единая экосистема: проблемы и перспективы международного сотрудничества</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-3212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>Victor N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>Виктор Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Russian Academy of Sciences member, PhD, Dr. of Sc. (Biology), Professor, Scientific Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор биологических наук, профессор, научный руководитель</p></bio><email>egorov.ibss@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-7264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Leading Researcher, Department of Radiation and Chemical Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела радиационной и химической биологии</p></bio><email>malakh2003@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-6390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degterev</surname><given-names>Andrey Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтерев</surname><given-names>Андрей Харитонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. of Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Department of Radioecology and Environmental Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры радиоэкологии и экологической безопасности Института ядерной энергии и промышленности</p></bio><email>degsebal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurlov</surname><given-names>Mikhail N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрлов</surname><given-names>Михаил Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Law, Executive Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, исполнительный директор</p></bio><email>ymission@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии южных морей им. А.О. Ковалевского РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sevastopol State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Севастопольский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Fond “Sevastopol”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Фонд «Севастополь»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Greater Mediterranean: Still Constructing the Macro-region</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Большое Средиземноморье: продолжая конструировать макрорегион</issue-title><fpage>625</fpage><lpage>641</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Egorov V.N., Malakhova L.V., Degterev A.K., Yurlov M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Егоров В.Н., Малахова Л.В., Дегтерев А.Х., Юрлов М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorov V.N., Malakhova L.V., Degterev A.K., Yurlov M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егоров В.Н., Малахова Л.В., Дегтерев А.Х., Юрлов М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/29810">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/29810</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article justifies that the Mediterranean Basin in the broad sense (Mediterranean, Black, Azov and Marmara Seas) is a single ecosystem. The state of this ecosystem is affected by the rivers of this water intake basin, among them - the Nile, Tiber, Po, Rhone, Ebro, Danube, Don and others. The interconnection of the individual elements of the ecosystem is ensured through active water exchange and a sufficiently branched system of currents that turn the inland seas of the Mediterranean basin into communicating vessels. The paper analyzes the main anthropogenic factors, as well as the influence of climate changes on the ecological condition of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Within the framework of anthropogenic impact, special attention is paid to the negative impact of urbanization, the oil industry (production, transportation and oil refining), industrial and agricultural waste, as well as runoff waters. The problem of plastic, as well as contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is discussed in detail. Analysis of DDT accumulations in the bottom sediments of the Mediterranean basin makes it possible to study the synchronization of anthropogenic processes and their long-term nature. Aridization (intensification of droughts) in the Mediterranean is shown as an important problem for the regional ecology, not directly related to the anthropogenic factor. The article reveals the disastrous effects of increasing droughts and climate change on Mediterranean basin countries. International cooperation to regulate transboundary environmental problems in the region is associated with a number of problems. Among them is the delimitation of sea zones between countries, first of all - the territorial claims of Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. The problem of the shelf around the Serpents’ Island in the Black Sea is also considered, as well as territorial disputes in the Western Mediterranean (France/Spain). The paper widely presents successful cases of cross-boundary cooperation: the 1976 RAMOGE Agreement, the 1975 Mediterranean Action Plan and the 1995 Barcelona Convention, as well as its seven protocols. The cases of PEGASO and 4GreenInn projects, as well as the BSEC environmental projects, are considered as successful examples of cross-border academic cooperation. Promising areas of cooperation are outlined and the conclusion is made about the importance of transboundary environmental risk management, despite the political differences between the Mediterranean countries and the EU sanctions restrictions on Russia after 2014.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Показано, что Средиземноморский бассейн в широком смысле (Средиземное, Черное, Азовское и Мраморное моря) представляет собой единую экосистему. На состояние данной экосистемы влияют реки этого водозаборного бассейна, среди них - Нил, Тибр, По, Рона, Эбр, Дунай, Дон и др. Взаимосвязь отдельных элементов экосистемы обеспечивается посредством активного водообмена и достаточно разветвленной системы течений, которые превращают внутренние моря Средиземноморского бассейна в сообщающиеся сосуды. Представлен анализ основных антропогенных факторов, а также влияние изменения климата на экологическое состояние средиземноморской экосистемы. В рамках антропогенного воздействия особое внимание уделено негативному влиянию процессов урбанизации, нефтяной промышленности (добыча, транспортировка и нефтепереработка), промышленным и сельскохозяйственным отходам, а также стоковым водам. Подробно рассмотрена проблема пластика, а также загрязнения дихлордифенилтрихлорэтаном (ДДТ). Анализ накоплений ДДТ в донных отложениях Средиземноморского бассейна позволяет исследовать синхронизацию антропогенных процессов и их долгосрочный характер. Аридизация (усиление засух) в Средиземноморье показана как важная проблема для региональной экологии, не связанная непосредственно с антропогенным фактором. Раскрываются пагубные последствия усиления засух и изменения климата для стран Средиземноморского бассейна. Международное сотрудничество, призванное регулировать трансграничные проблемы окружающей среды в регионе, связано с целым рядом проблем. Среди них - разграничение морских зон между странами, в первую очередь - территориальные притязания Турции в Восточном Средиземноморье. Также исследуется проблема шельфа вокруг о. Змеиный в Черном море, а также территориальные споры в Западном Средиземноморье (Франция / Испания). Широко представлены успешные примеры международного сотрудничества на примере Соглашения RAMOGE 1976 г., Средиземноморского плана действий 1975 г. и Барселонской конвенции 1995 г., а также ее семи протоколов. На примере проектов PEGASO, 4GreenInn, а также экологических проектов Организации Черноморского экономического сотрудничества рассматриваются примеры трансграничного академического взаимодействия. В заключении обозначены перспективные направления сотрудничества и делается вывод о важности трансграничного управления экологическими рисками, даже несмотря на политические разногласия стран - участниц Средиземноморья, а также санкционные ограничения ЕС в отношении России после 2014 г.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mediterranean Sea</kwd><kwd>ecosystem</kwd><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>anthropogenic factor</kwd><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>transboundary pollution</kwd><kwd>aridization</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd><kwd>RAMOGE</kwd><kwd>MAP</kwd><kwd>Barcelona convention</kwd><kwd>BSEC</kwd><kwd>BSTDB</kwd><kwd>RAMOGE</kwd><kwd>MAP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Средиземное море</kwd><kwd>экосистема</kwd><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>антропогенный фактор</kwd><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>трансграничное загрязнение</kwd><kwd>аридизация</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>Барселонская конвенция</kwd><kwd>Организация черноморского экономического сотрудничества</kwd><kwd>Черноморский банк торговли и развития</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abd-Allah, A. 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