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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29809</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-609-624</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Russian Policy in the Mediterranean: Historical Continuity and International Context</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политика Российской Федерации в Средиземноморье: преемственность в контексте актуальной международной повестки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-915X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurylev</surname><given-names>Konstantin P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курылев</surname><given-names>Константин Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. of Sc. (History), Professor, Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>kurylev-kp@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-5735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhitko</surname><given-names>Nickolay P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархитько</surname><given-names>Николай Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of Journalism</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры теории и истории журналистики</p></bio><email>parkhitko-np@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Greater Mediterranean: Still Constructing the Macro-region</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Большое Средиземноморье: продолжая конструировать макрорегион</issue-title><fpage>609</fpage><lpage>624</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kurylev K.P., Parkhitko N.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Курылев К.П., Пархитько Н.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurylev K.P., Parkhitko N.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курылев К.П., Пархитько Н.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/29809">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/29809</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article considers the main directions of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy in the Mediterranean region in the period from 2015 to autumn 2021. The authors present a historical analysis of Russia’s military presence in the Mediterranean Sea since its first deployment in the 18th century and separately during the Cold War, since the key strategic goals and operational-tactical tasks facing the 5th Soviet Navy operational squadron in those years, as a whole, remained unchanged. Only their scale was adjusted. Three key aspects that determine the need for Russia’s presence in the Mediterranean are researched. These are the military, political and economic (raw) components that form the determinant of Russian foreign policy in the region. The expansion of the military activity of NATO countries - in particular, the United States, Great Britain and France - in the Mediterranean Sea and the Middle East, especially since the beginning of the civil war in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011, requires an asymmetric response from Russia in the context of protecting its national interests. As far as geopolitics is concerned, Russia’s return of at least partial of those Soviet influence in the region also contributes to strengthening our country’s international positions. Finally, Russia’s presence in a part of the world, which is a natural logistics hub in the context of both world trade and energy supplies, conceptually complements the military-political agenda. The authors use the methods of historical and political analysis and practical systematization in order to formulate the main hypothesis of the study and come to scientific and theoretical conclusions. The main hypothesis is that the expansion of Russia’s military, political and economic presence in the Mediterranean will be intensified as the country’s economic potential grows. The authors suggest the following order as tools for implementing the strategy: speeding up efforts to ensure the permanent military presence of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean, deepening bilateral ties with Syria and conducting a pragmatic economic policy towards Turkey, which claims to be an important actor in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East as a whole.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Рассматриваются основные направления внешней политики РФ в Средиземноморском регионе в период с 2015 г. по осень 2021 г. Проводится исторический анализ военного присутствия России в акватории Средиземного моря с момента его развертывания в XVIII в. и отдельно - в годы холодной войны, поскольку ключевые стратегические цели и оперативно-тактические задачи, стоявшие в те годы перед 5-й оперативной эскадрой ВМФ СССР, в целом остались неизменными. Корректировке подвергся лишь их масштаб. Рассматриваются три ключевых аспекта, обусловливающих необходимость присутствия России в Средиземноморье: это военный, политический и экономический (сырьевой) компоненты, формирующие детерминанту российской внешней политики в регионе. Расширение военной активности стран НАТО, в частности США, Великобритании и Франции, в Средиземном море и на Ближнем Востоке, особенно с началом гражданской войны в Сирийской Арабской Республике в 2011 г., требует асимметричного ответа со стороны России в контексте защиты ее национальных интересов. С точки зрения геополитики возвращение Россией хотя бы частичного влияния в регионе, которым обладал СССР, также способствует укреплению международных позиций страны. Наконец, присутствие России в части света, представляющей собой естественный логистический узел в контексте как мировой торговли, так и поставок энергоносителей, концептуально дополняет военно-политическую повестку. Использованы метод исторического анализа, метод политического анализа и метод практической систематизации, позволяющие авторам сформулировать главную гипотезу исследования и прийти к научно-теоретическим выводам. Основная гипотеза заключается в том, что расширение военного, политического и экономического присутствия России в Средиземноморье будет расширяться по мере роста экономического потенциала страны. В качестве инструментов реализации данной задачи авторы предполагают следующий порядок: форсирование усилий по обеспечению постоянного военного присутствия ВМФ РФ в акватории Средиземного моря, углубление двусторонних связей с Сирией и проведение прагматичной экономической политики в отношении Турции, претендующей на роль ключевого игрока в Восточном Средиземноморье и на Ближнем Востоке в целом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>Mediterranean Sea</kwd><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Syria</kwd><kwd>Turkey</kwd><kwd>NATO</kwd><kwd>energy resources</kwd><kwd>economy</kwd><kwd>security</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>Средиземное море</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Сирия</kwd><kwd>Турция</kwd><kwd>НАТО</kwd><kwd>энергоносители</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aghazada, M. 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