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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-3-529-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEACE AND SECURITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>世界和安全</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Internet Revolution or Just Fitna: Towards the Tenth Anniversary of the Arab Spring</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интернет-революции или просто фитна: к десятилетию «арабской весны»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-9775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>Aleksey Mikhailovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. of Sc. (History), Аcademician, Professor, Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head, Department of African and Arab Studies, RUDN University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор, почетный президент Института Африки РАН; заведующий кафедрой африканистики и арабистики Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>vasilyev-am@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-9419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherlitsina</surname><given-names>Natalia Aleksandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жерлицына</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Leading Research Fellow, Center for History and Cultural Anthropology, Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Associate Professor, Department of African and Arab Studies, RUDN University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра истории и культурной антропологии Института Африки РАН; доцент кафедры африканистики и арабистики Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>zherlitsyna-na@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for African Studies Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Африки РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Mediterranean Sea Basin – New Regional Security Complex?</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Бассейн Средиземного моря – новый региональный комплекс безопасности?</issue-title><fpage>529</fpage><lpage>542</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Vasiliev A.M., Zherlitsina N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Васильев А.М., Жерлицына Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasiliev A.M., Zherlitsina N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.М., Жерлицына Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/27448">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/27448</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article is dedicated to the analysis of the tenth anniversary of the revolutionary events in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), called the Arab Spring. The relevance of the study of the consequences of political transformations in Arab countries is due to the incompleteness of the modernization processes in such areas as public administration, justice and human rights, which gave rise to the discontent of the active part of society, which had initiated the protests. The idea of the research was to compare the causes of popular uprisings, the methods of political struggle, the main actors and the results of the Arab Spring for most of the countries affected by this process. Particular attention has been paid to the growing popularity of Islamist political forces, which have given their answers and pseudo-answers to acute societal issues. With the help of comparative and typological analysis, the peculiarities of different models of political development in the Middle East and North African countries have been studied. Over the past decade, world science has accumulated a significant layer of research on the Arab Spring phenomenon. The authors have taken into account a wide range of opinions of scholars from Europe, the United States, Turkey, Israel, and the Arab states. Aiming to assess the political transformation of the MENA region over the past 10 years, this study analyzes changes in the position of external actors such as Russia and the USA. The authors conclude that the influence of the US as a whole in the region has decreased, while the influence of Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia has increased. Israel has managed to strengthen its own security by establishing normal relations with a number of Arab states in the region. The popular unrest that erupted again in Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, and Tunisia in 2018-2021 was objectively caused by the same conditions that had given rise to the Arab Spring and with the same uncertain results so far.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Статья посвящена десятой годовщине революционных событий в регионе Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки (БВСА), получивших название «арабской весны». Актуальность исследования последствий политических трансформаций в арабских странах обусловлена незавершенностью процессов модернизации в таких сферах, как государственное управление, правосудие и права человека. Все это породило недовольство активной части общества, которая стала инициатором протестов. Авторы ставили целью сопоставить причины народных возмущений, способы политической борьбы, роль основных акторов и результаты «арабской весны» для большинства стран, затронутых данным процессом. Особое внимание уделено росту популярности исламистских политических сил, которые дали свои ответы и псевдоответы на острые общественные вопросы. С опорой на методы сравнительного и типологического анализа были изучены особенности различных моделей политического развития ближневосточных и североафриканских стран. За истекший десятилетний период мировая наука накопила значительный пласт исследований, посвященных изучению феномена «арабской весны». Авторы учли широкий спектр мнений ученых из Европы, США, Турции, Израиля и арабских стран. Ставя целью оценить политическую трансформацию региона БВСА за последние 10 лет, данное исследование анализирует изменения в позиции внешних акторов, таких как Россия и США. Авторы приходят к выводу, что влияние США в целом в регионе уменьшилось, а России, Турции, Ирана и Саудовской Аравии возросло. Израилю удалось укрепить собственную безопасность, установив нормальные отношения с рядом арабских государств региона. Народные волнения, вновь вспыхнувшие в Ираке, Ливане, Судане, Алжире, да и в Тунисе в 2018-2021 гг., объективно были вызваны теми же условиями, которые породили «арабскую весну» и пока что с теми же неопределенными результатами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Middle East and North Africa</kwd><kwd>Arab Spring</kwd><kwd>authoritarianism</kwd><kwd>unemployment</kwd><kwd>revolution</kwd><kwd>civil war</kwd><kwd>radical Islamism</kwd><kwd>civil unrest</kwd><kwd>instability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ближний Восток и Северная Африка</kwd><kwd>«арабская весна»</kwd><kwd>авторитаризм</kwd><kwd>безработица</kwd><kwd>революция</kwd><kwd>гражданская война</kwd><kwd>радикальный исламизм</kwd><kwd>народные волнения</kwd><kwd>нестабильность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasiliev, A. M., &amp; Zherlitsina, N. A. (2019). 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