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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26778</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-288-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The United States - China Rivalry and the BRI</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Американо-китайское соперничество и инициатива «Один пояс, один путь»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blanchard</surname><given-names>Jean-Marc F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бланшар</surname><given-names>Жан-Марк Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Distinguished Professor, School of Advanced International and Area Studies, East China Normal University, China; Executive Director, Mr. &amp; Mrs. S.H. Wong Center for the Study of Multinational Corporations, USA</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор наук, заслуженный профессор Школы передовых международных и региональных исследований Восточно-китайского педагогического университета, Китай; исполнительный директор Центра изучения транснациональных корпораций им. г-на и г-жи С.Х. Вонг, США</p></bio><email>executive_director@mnccenter.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">East China Normal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Восточно-китайский педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mr. &amp; Mrs. S.H. Wong Center for the Study of Multinational Corporations</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр изучения транснациональных корпораций им. г-на и г-жи С.Х. Вонг</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Intensifying U.S. — Сhina Strategic Rivalry and the Transformation of the Global Order</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Нарастающее стратегическое соперничество между США и КНР  и трансформация глобального миропорядка</issue-title><fpage>288</fpage><lpage>303</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Blanchard J.F.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Бланшар Ж.Ф.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blanchard J.F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бланшар Ж.Ф.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/26778">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/26778</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article describes the United States - China rivalry and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through a fine-grained review of primary materials such as major US policy documents and speeches by and media interviews with key American foreign policy decisionmakers, as well as the selective use of secondary materials such as think tank studies and articles in scholarly publications. It shows that the BRI has fueled the bilateral rivalry since its birth in 2013 and that the rivalry, in turn, has affected US views about the BRI. Under President Barack Obama, the US took a muted stance towards the BRI, expressing modestly cooperative sentiments regarding it. In contrast, under President Donald Trump, Washington’s posture towards the BRI dramatically changed with his administration frequently denigrating the BRI, raising it in major security and foreign policy documents, initiating competing development schemes such as the BUILD Act, and building closer cooperation with allies against China’s venture. Despite its angst about the BRI, however, the Trump administration never launched any large-scale countermeasures. This article contributes to clarifying the situation by correcting some factual errors in past analyses and updating the general understanding about the Trump administration’s response. It systematically contemplates how internal and external economic, political, and ideational factors affected the Obama and Trump administration’s responses to the BRI, demonstrating that such factors shaped or shifted US policy or bounded its form and intensity. These factors, being similar to those stressed by neoclassical realists who emphasize the role of leaders as interpreters within limits of the external environment and responders to it subject to various domestic constraints, provide a foundation which is used to speculate about the US’s probable response to the BRI under President Joseph Biden, Jr.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Рассматриваются отношения США и КНР в контексте соперничества государств, а также прослеживается влияние подобного уровня взаимодействия на китайскую инициативу «Один пояс, один путь» (ОПОП). Методологически автор опирается на анализ первоисточников, таких как основные политические документы, выступления представителей политического истеблишмента США, интервью в СМИ с ключевыми лицами, принимающими внешнеполитические решения, а также на выборочное использование вспомогательных материалов, таких как исследования аналитических центров и статьи в научных журналах. Автор полагает, что с момента создания в 2013 г. ОПОП стимулирует конкуренцию в отношениях двух стран, и это, в свою очередь, не может не влиять на подход США к самой инициативе. Во время президентства Б. Обамы Вашингтон занимал довольно сдержанную позицию по отношению к китайской инициативе, демонстрируя умеренную открытость к сотрудничеству с Пекином. Однако подобный подход сменился более жесткой политикой при президенте Д. Трампе. При упоминании проекта в основных документах по безопасности и внешней политике новая республиканская администрация, по сути, сделала ставку на обесценивание ОПОП, инициируя конкурентные схемы развития, такие как Закон о более эффективном использовании инвестиций, ведущих к развитию, и наладив более тесное сотрудничество с союзниками против проекта Китая. Несмотря на возросшую степень беспокойства в отношении инициативы, администрация Д. Трампа так и не предприняла никаких крупномасштабных контрмер. Также объясняется, каким образом экономические, политические и идеологические факторы внутреннего и внешнего характера повлияли на подходы администраций Б. Обамы и Д. Трампа к ОПОП в части определения или изменения политики США или ограничения ее формата и интенсивности. Данные факторы, наподобие тех, о которых говорят представители неоклассического реализма, в частности роль лидеров, лежат в основе оценки ОПОП в период президентства Дж. Байдена.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd><kwd>BRI</kwd><kwd>US</kwd><kwd>China rivalry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>инициатива «Один пояс</kwd><kwd>один путь»</kwd><kwd>ОПОП</kwd><kwd>соперничество США и Китая</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ashbee, E. (2020). ‘We don’t drown our partners in a sea of debt’: U.S. policy responses to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. The Journal of American - East Asian Relations, 27(4), 374-400. https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ 18765610-27040004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Blanchard, J.-M.F. (2018a). China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) and Southeast Asia: A Chinese “pond” not “lake” in the Works. 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