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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26773</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-232-242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Why Thucydides’ Trap Misinforms Sino-American Relations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Почему «ловушка Фукидида» вводит в заблуждение относительно американо-китайских отношений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-8315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Steve</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чан</surname><given-names>Стив</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Political Science, College Professor of Distinction, Political Science Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, почетный профессор департамента политических наук</p></bio><email>steve.chan@colorado.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Colorado (Boulder)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет штата Колорадо</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Intensifying U.S. — Сhina Strategic Rivalry and the Transformation of the Global Order</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Нарастающее стратегическое соперничество между США и КНР  и трансформация глобального миропорядка</issue-title><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Chan S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Чан С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chan S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чан С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/26773">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/26773</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">“Thucydides’ Trap” has become a familiar term in scholarly and even popular discourse on Sino-American relations. It points to the ancient rivalry between Athens and Sparta as an analogy for contemporary relations between China and the United States. This analogy warns about the increased danger of war when a rising power catches up to an established power. This essay raises concerns about (mis)application of historical analogy, selection bias, measurement problems, underspecified causal mechanisms, and so on that undermine the validity of the diagnosis and prognosis inspired by this analogy and other similar works. My objection to this genre of scholarship does not exclude the possibility that China and the U.S. can have a serious conflict. I only argue that this conflict can stem from sources other than any power shift between them or in addition to such a shift. By overlooking other plausible factors that can contribute to war occurrence, a monocausal explanation such as Thucydides’ Trap obscures rather than clarifies this phenomenon. Because it lends itself to a sensationalist, even alarmist, characterization of a rising China and a declining U.S. (when the latter in fact continues to enjoy important enduring advantages over the former), this perspective can abet views and feelings that engender self-fulfilling prophecy. Finally, as with other structural theories of interstate relations, Thucydides’ Trap and other similar formulations like power-transition theory tend to give short shrift to human agency, including people’s ability to learn from the past and therefore to escape from the mistakes of their predecessors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">«Ловушка Фукидида» стала привычным термином в академическом и даже научно-популярном дискурсе о китайско-американских отношениях. Он отсылает нас к античному соперничеству между Афинами и Спартой как аналогии для современных отношений между Китаем и США. Эта аналогия предупреждает о возрастающей опасности войны, когда восходящая держава достигает уровня развития, схожего с уровнем существующего гегемона. Автор выражает озабоченность по поводу «неправильного» применения данной исторической аналогии - предвзятости, связанной со структурой выборки, проблемами ее оценки, не до конца определенными причинно-следственными механизмами и т. д., которое подрывает обоснованность прогноза, основанного на этой аналогии и других подобных работах. При этом не исключается возможность серьезного конфликта между Китаем и США, который, однако, может проистекать из иных причин, а не из прямого или косвенного изменения их силовых показателей. Не обращая внимания на другие вероятные факторы, которые могут способствовать возникновению открытого конфликта, причинно-следственное объяснение, такое как «ловушка Фукидида», скорее вводит в заблуждение, не проясняя сложившуюся ситуацию в американо-китайских отношениях. Поскольку в ее рамках дается сенсационная, а порой и паникерская характеристика возвышения Китая и упадка США (когда на самом деле США до сих пор обладают рядом важных устойчивых преимуществ по сравнению с КНР), подобный подход может способствовать развитию взглядов, порождающих самоисполняющееся пророчество. Наконец, как и в случае с другими структурными теориями межгосударственных отношений, «ловушка Фукидида» и другие аналогичные теории, такие как теория транзита власти, как правило, недооценивают человеческую свободу действий, в том числе способность людей извлекать уроки из прошлого и, следовательно, избегать ошибок своих предшественников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Thucydides’ Trap</kwd><kwd>power transition</kwd><kwd>Sino-American relations</kwd><kwd>historical analogies</kwd><kwd>structure and agency</kwd><kwd>self-fulfilling prophecy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«ловушка Фукидида»</kwd><kwd>транзит власти</kwd><kwd>китайско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>исторические аналогии</kwd><kwd>структура и агентность</kwd><kwd>самоисполняющееся пророчество</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allison, G. (2017). 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