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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25280</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-747-762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEACE AND SECURITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>世界和安全</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Muslim Clergy vs. Authority in Contemporary Afghanistan: View from Uzbekistan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мусульманское духовенство vs. власть в современном Афганистане: взгляд из Узбекистана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaydarov</surname><given-names>Abdusamat Akhatovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайдаров</surname><given-names>Абдусамат Ахатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. of Sc. (Political Science), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор политических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>akhat54@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ташкентский государственный университет востоковедения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">New Modalities of Regional Peacekeeping</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Новые параметры регионального миротворчества</issue-title><fpage>747</fpage><lpage>762</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Khaydarov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Хайдаров А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaydarov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хайдаров А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/25280">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/25280</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Significant geopolitical changes taking place in the modern world in recent decades urge us to take a fresh look at the role of Islam and the clergy in the political processes of a number of countries of the Muslim world. This perspective is especially relevant vis-à-vis Afghanistan where a fierce war is being waged under the slogans of Islam for more than four decades. The purpose of this research is an in-depth study of the relationship between the state and the Muslim clergy, Islamic institutions in the development of political processes in Afghanistan since the mid-70s of the last century. The article reflects shaping of the Islamic opposition and its efforts to stand up to innovations and reforms during attempts of the Soviet stile modernization in 1978-1992, and then the efforts to democratize Afghan society, undertaken in Afghanistan since the end of 2001 with the assistance of the international community. The work is based on the study of factual historical material, a chronicle of the events of the last decade and personal observations of the author during his work in Afghanistan during the mentioned period. Analytical materials published on the pages of English and Russian mass media were used. The methodological basis of this study is the comparative historical method; the article is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific objectivity. The author concludes that the conflict is based on mistakes and underestimation by the state the role and influence of the Muslim clergy and Islamic institutions of the country. It has been noted that the recently reached US - Taliban agreements, as well as the assistance of such influential players as Russia, sparkle hope for the launch of a direct inter-Afghan negotiation process, which most likely will not be as simple but thorny.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Существенные геополитические перемены, происходящие в современном мире в последние десятилетия, заставляют по-новому взглянуть на роль ислама и духовенства в политических процессах ряда стран мусульманского мира. Особенно актуальной она выглядит в Афганистане, в котором более четырех десятилетий ведется война под лозунгами ислама. Целью данного исследования является анализ взаимоотношений государства и мусульманского духовенства, исламских институтов в ходе развития политических процессов в Афганистане с середины 1970-х гг. Автор акцентирует внимание на основных конфликтогенных причинах, обусловивших противостояние государства и влиятельной части мусульманского духовенства в Афганистане. Показано становление исламской оппозиции и ее противодействие нововведениям и реформам в ходе попыток модернизации сначала по советскому образцу (1978-1992 гг.), а затем усилий по демократизации афганского общества, предпринимаемых в Афганистане с конца 2001 г. при содействии международного сообщества. Работа строится на изучении фактического исторического материала, хроники событий последнего десятилетия и личных наблюдений автора в ходе работы в Афганистане в указанный период; использованы аналитические материалы, опубликованные на страницах английских и российских масс-медиа. Методологической основой выступает сравнительно-исторический метод; исследование базируется на принципах историзма, достоверности и научной объективности. Автор приходит к выводу, что в основе конфликтной ситуации лежат ошибки и недооценка государством роли и влияния мусульманского духовенства и исламских институтов страны. Отмечается, что недавно достигнутые американо-талибские договоренности, а также содействие таких влиятельных игроков, как Россия, вселяют надежду на запуск прямого межафганского переговорного процесса, который, по всей видимости, будет непростым и тернистым. Проведенный анализ также говорит о том, что успешность разрешения конфликтных ситуаций в странах, где традиционно сильно влияние ислама, во многом зависит от правильного выстраивания взаимоотношений с духовенством и нахождения взаимоприемлемого компромисса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Afghanistan</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>Muslim clergy</kwd><kwd>Islamic opposition</kwd><kwd>Sufi orders</kwd><kwd>mujahedeen</kwd><kwd>Taliban (forbidden in Russia)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Афганистан</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>мусульманское духовенство</kwd><kwd>исламская оппозиция</kwd><kwd>суфийские ордены</kwd><kwd>моджахеды</kwd><kwd>«Талибан» (организация запрещена в РФ)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimbekov, S.M. (2003). Afghan Knot and Security Problems in Central Asia. Almaty. 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