<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25274</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-678-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">African Peacekeeping and African Integration: Current Challenges</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Миротворческие операции в Африке и африканская интеграция: современные вызовы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gottschalk</surname><given-names>Keith</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готтшальк</surname><given-names>Кит</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Political Scientist, Member (retired), the Political Studies Department</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">политолог, сотрудник (на пенсии) факультета политических исследований</bio><email>kgottschalk@uwc.ac.za</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of the Western Cape</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Западно-Капской провинции</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">New Modalities of Regional Peacekeeping</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Новые параметры регионального миротворчества</issue-title><fpage>678</fpage><lpage>686</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Gottschalk K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Готтшальк К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gottschalk K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Готтшальк К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/25274">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/25274</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">Peacekeeping and economic union are the two most important dimensions of African integration. The first section of this article aims to analyse some current challenges to African peacekeeping, peacemaking, and African integration. The continuing Libyan civil war epitomizes the diplomatic stalemates and military stalemates which form the limits of current African peacekeeping. It exposes the North African Regional Capability and North African Standby Brigade as paper structures which do not exist operationally, and so limit the capacity of the African Union’s Peace and Security Council. The military intervention of states outside Africa can polarize conflicts and escalate civil wars. Africa’s colonial epoch serves as a warning of the potential dangers of foreign military bases in Africa. In parts of West Africa, states sub-contract peacemaking and anti-terrorist operations to unsupervised local militias, which are lawless at best, and commit ethnic killings at worst. African integration fares better in the economic dimension. The second section analyses African integration, with its focus on the most recent step of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which starts to lay the cornerstone envisaged four decades ago in the Lagos Plan of Action, and three decades ago in the Abuja Treaty for an African Economic Community. The historic track record of African continental organizations indicates that a decade will be a realistic minimum period for it to be substantially implemented. The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System will help operationalize the AfCFTA by lowering forex currency transaction charges. Severe difficulties can be predicted for future attempts to upgrade the AfCFTA into a continental customs union, and ultimately into a continental common market.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Усилия по поддержанию мира и развитию экономического взаимодействия между странами - два наиболее важных аспекта африканской интеграции. В первом разделе автор анализирует некоторые текущие вызовы африканскому миротворчеству, миростроительству и африканской интеграции. Продолжающаяся гражданская война в Ливии олицетворяет дипломатические и военные тупики, которые ограничивают нынешнюю миротворческую деятельность в Африке. Она демонстрирует, что Североафриканские региональные силы и Североафриканская резервная бригада существуют только на бумаге, а в реальности действуют неэффективно, тем самым ограничивая возможности Совета мира и безопасности Африканского союза. Военное вмешательство внерегиональных акторов может поляризовать конфликты и привести к эскалации гражданских войн. Колониальная эпоха в истории Африки служит предупреждением о потенциальной опасности иностранных военных баз на континенте. В некоторых частях Западной Африки государства поручают миротворческие и антитеррористические операции неконтролируемым местным ополченцам, которые в лучшем случае действуют вне рамок закона, а в худшем - совершают убийства на этнической почве. Во втором разделе анализируется африканская интеграция с акцентом на последнем этапе создания Африканской континентальной зоны свободной торговли (АфКЗСТ), которая начинает закладывать краеугольный камень, предусмотренный четыре десятилетия назад в Лагосском плане действий и три десятилетия назад в Договоре об Африканском экономическом сообществе, подписанном в г. Абуджа. Исторический послужной список африканских континентальных организаций указывает на то, что десятилетие будет реалистичным минимальным периодом для его существенной реализации. Панафриканская система платежей и расчетов поможет ввести в действие АфКЗСТ за счет снижения комиссии за валютные транзакции. Можно предвидеть серьезные трудности в отношении будущих попыток превратить АфКЗСТ в континентальный таможенный союз и в конечном итоге в общий континентальный рынок.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>African peacekeeping</kwd><kwd>peacemaking</kwd><kwd>African integration</kwd><kwd>African Union</kwd><kwd>Peace and Security Council</kwd><kwd>African Continental Free Trade Area</kwd><kwd>Pan-African Payment and Settlement System</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>африканское миротворчество</kwd><kwd>миростроительство</kwd><kwd>африканская интеграция</kwd><kwd>Африканский союз</kwd><kwd>Совет мира и безопасности</kwd><kwd>Африканская континентальная зона свободной торговли</kwd><kwd>Панафриканская система платежей и расчетов</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adebajo, A. (2016). A Tale of Three Cassandras: Jean Monnet, Raul Prebisch, Adebayo Adedeji. In: Levine, D.H. &amp; Nagar, D. (Eds.). Region-Building in Africa. Political and Economic Challenges. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. P. 53-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alvarez, J. (2005). International Organisations as Law-Makers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Devon, C. (2013). The Contested Politics of Peacebuilding in Africa. In: Curtis, D. &amp; Dzinesa, G.A. (Eds.). Peacebuilding, Power and Politics in Africa. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. P. 1-31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Edozie, R. &amp; Gottschalk, K. (2014). The African Union’s Africa: New Pan-African Initiatives in Global Governance. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Fioramonti, L. &amp; Mattheis, F. (2016). Is Africa Really Following Europe? An Integrated Framework for Complementary Regionalism. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54 (3), 1-17. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2764560 (accessed: 10.06.2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Gathii, J. (2011). African Regional Trade Agreements as Legal Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Gottschalk, K. (2012). The African Union and its Sub-Regional Structures. Journal of African Union Studies, 1 (1), 9-39.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Gottschalk, K. (2018). Persistent Problems in African Integration and Peace-keeping. Journal of African Union Studies, 7 (3), 67-89. DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2018/V7n3a4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Irungu, E. (2014). The African Union and African Regional Integration. R/evolutions Global Trends &amp; Regional Issues, 2 (1), 238-249.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Landsberg, C. (2013). Peace-building as Governance. The Case of the Pan-African Ministers Conference for Public and Civil Service. In: Curtis, D. &amp; Dzinesa, G.A. (Eds.). Peacebuilding, Power and Politics in Africa. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. P. 121-139.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Levine, D. &amp; Nagar, D. (Eds.). (2016). Region-Building in Africa. Political and Economic Challenges. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Levitt, J. (2012). Illegal Peace in Africa. An Inquiry into the Legality of Power-Sharing with Warlords, Rebels, and Juntas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Maloka, E. (2019). When Foreign becomes Domestic. The Interplay of National Interests, Pan-Africanism, and Internationalism in South Africa’s Foreign Policy. Johannesburg: Ssali Publishing House.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mangeni, F. &amp; Juma, C. (2018). Emergent Africa. Evolution of Regional Economic Integration. Terra Alta, WV: Headline Books.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Momodu, R. (2018). Nationalism Underpinned by Pan-Regionalism: African Foreign Policies in ECOWAS in an Era of Anti-Globalization. In: Warner, J. &amp; Shaw, T. (Eds.). African Foreign Policies in International Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. P. 95-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Murithi, T. (2012). The African Union and the Libya Crisis: Situating the Responsibility to Protect in Africa. Journal of African Union Studies, 1 (1), 83-88.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Nathan, L. (2013a). The Disbanding of the SADC Tribunal: A Cautionary Tale. Human Rights Quarterly, 35 (4), 870-892. DOI: 10.1353/hrq.2013.0059</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Nathan, L. (2013b). Synopsis of Community of Insecurity: SADC’s Struggle for Peace and Security in Southern Africa. African Security Review, 22 (3), 181-189. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2013.822667</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ojielo, O. et al. (2017). Journey to Extremism in Africa: Drivers, Incentives and the Tipping Point for Recruitment. United Nations Development Programme Report, 1-113.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Palmateer, G. &amp; Clark, J. (2018). The Uses (and Abuses) of the Economic Community of Central African States. The Hidden Functions of Regional Economic Community Membership for African Regimes. In: Warner, J. &amp; Shaw, T. (Eds.). African Foreign Policies in International Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. P. 127-148.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Schouten, P., Murari, J. &amp; Kubya, S. (2017). “Everything That Moves Will Be Taxed”: The Political Economy of Roadblocks in North and South Kivu. IPIS/DIIS Report, 1-66.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Solomon, H. (2015). Critical Terrorism Studies and its Implications for Africa. Politikon. South African Journal of Political Studies, 42 (2), 219-234. DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2015.1041671</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor, R. (2014). Regional Governance in Africa. R/evolutions Global Trends &amp; Regional Issues, 2 (1), 220-237.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Tieku, T. (2017). Governing Africa: 3D Analysis of the African Union’s Performance. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Vines, A. (2013). A Decade of African Peace and Security Architecture. International Affairs, 89 (1), 89-109. DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.12006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Zajontz, T. &amp; Leysens, A. (2015). Regionalism Revisited: A Critical-reflectivist Framework for Engaging the Changing Nature of Developing Regionalisms in Africa. Politikon. South African Journal of Political Studies, 42 (3), 299-323. DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2015.1104465</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
