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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22837</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-4-583-596</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Al-Azhar University in the Events of the Arab Spring (Case of Egypt)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль университета Аль-Азхар в событиях «арабской весны» (на примере Египта)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lashkhia</surname><given-names>Yurii Vitalevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лашхия</surname><given-names>Юрий Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, the Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>george-leo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Islamic Factor in World Politics</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Исламский фактор в мировой политике</issue-title><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>596</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Lashkhia Y.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Лашхия Ю.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lashkhia Y.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лашхия Ю.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/22837">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/22837</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the comprehensiveness of Islam, the role of the “Islamic factor” in political processes in the Middle East and North Africa is great, while the nature of the manifestations of the “Islamic factor” largely depends among other things on the current state of modern religious educational institutions, including those serving as a forge of Islamic personnel today. One of the most prestigious universities in Islamic oikumene, giving religious education for Muslims from all over the world, is AlAzhar al-Sharif (the shorter Al-Azhar is more common). It was here that some famous thinkers studied, who further significantly contributed to the development of the so-called “political Islam”. This study is an attempt to clarify the role of Al-Azhar University and related Islamic scholars in the socio-political processes of the Middle East and North Africa. Conducting the research, the author largely turned to the sources of the Islamic religion (the Qur’an, Hadith), theological texts of a number of thinkers (for example, the interpretation of the Qur’an Rashid Rida), religious polemical works (the work of Sheikh Osama al-Azhari against the “Muslim Brotherhood” and other “Islamist” trends), documents compiled by the leadership of Al-Azhar; academic literature on related issues. The author came to the conclusion that the “Islamic factor” did not play a crucial role at the beginning of events, but vividly manifested itself subsequently. The actual suppression of Islam by secular dictators created a fertile ground for the acute discontent of believing citizens and activists of various movements who uphold a particular version of the Islamic political alternative. The most influential university in the Islamic world, Al-Azhar, in an official document, “Arab Spring”, indicated the possibility of a shift in despotic power, while emphasizing at the same time the inadmissibility of violent suppression of peaceful protest. Certain Azharite theologians were directly involved in the events of the “Arab Spring”, in particular, the passionate scholar Yusuf al-Qaradawi, associated with the Muslim Brotherhood movement and graduated from Al-Azhar, as well as Sheikh Emad Effat, who died during the suppression of an unarmed speech 15 December 2011. Such activity of various Islamic forces in the political sphere is primarily due to the very nature of the Islamic tradition, which does not separate the “sacred” and “profane”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вследствие всеохватности ислама роль «исламского фактора» в социально-политических процессах на Ближнем Востоке и Северной Африке достаточно велика, в то время как характер его проявлений во многом зависит от текущего состояния современных религиозных учебных заведений, в том числе служащих кузницей кадров ислама сегодня. Одним из наиболее престижных университетов в исламской ойкумене является аль-Азхар аш-Шариф (чаще встречается более короткое «Аль-Азхар»), который популярен у мусульман всего мира, стремящихся получить религиозное образование. Именно здесь учились в том числе некоторые известные мыслители, внесшие существенный вклад в развитие так называемого «политического ислама». Настоящее исследование посвящено роли университета Аль-Азхар и связанных с ним исламских ученых в общественно-политических процессах стран Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки. При исследовании автор обращался к таким материалам, как первоисточники исламской религии (Коран, хадисы), богословские тексты ряда мыслителей (например, толкование Корана Рашида Риды), религиозные полемические труды (работа шейха Усамы аль-Азхари против «Братьевмусульман» (организация запрещена в РФ) и др. «исламистских» течений), документы, составленные руководством АльАзхара; академическая литература по близкой проблематике. В ходе исследования автор пришел к выводу, что «исламский фактор» не играл ключевой роли в начале событий «арабской весны», но ярко проявился впоследствии. Фактическое подавление ислама многими режимами создавало благоприятную почву для острого недовольства верующих граждан и активистов различных движений, отстаивающих ту или иную версию исламской политической альтернативы. Самый авторитетный университет в исламском мире Аль-Азхар в официальном документе «Арабская весна» обозначил возможность смещения деспотической власти, в то же время подчеркивая недопустимость насильственного подавления мирного протеста. Отдельные богословы-азхариты принимали непосредственное участие в событиях «арабской весны», в частности, пассионарный ученый Юсуф аль-Кардави, связанный с движением «Братьев-мусульман» и закончивший Аль-Азхар, а также шейх Эмад Эффат, погибший в ходе подавления безоружного выступления 15 декабря 2011 г. Такая активность различных исламских сил в политической сфере в первую очередь объясняется самим характером исламской традиции, не разделяющей «сакральное» и «профанное».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Al-Azhar</kwd><kwd>Arab spring</kwd><kwd>Islamic factor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аль-Азхар</kwd><kwd>«арабская весна»</kwd><kwd>Ахмад ат-Тайеб</kwd><kwd>Ахмад ибн Таймийя</kwd><kwd>байа</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>«Братьямусульмане»</kwd><kwd>«исламизм»</kwd><kwd>«исламский фактор»</kwd><kwd>Юсри Рушди</kwd><kwd>Эмад Эффат</kwd><kwd>Юсуф аль-Кардави</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Awadi, H. (2004). In Pursuit of Legitimacy: the Muslim Brothers and Mubarak, 1982—2000. 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