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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22590</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-404-419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEACE AND SECURITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>世界和安全</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multipolar World Order: Old Myths and New Realities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Многополярный миропорядок: старые мифы и новые реалии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degterev</surname><given-names>Denis Andreevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтерев</surname><given-names>Денис Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (World Economy), Head of Department of Theory and History of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой теории и истории международных отношений</p></bio><email>degterev-da@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">International Energy Cooperation</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Международное энергетическое сотрудничество</issue-title><fpage>404</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Degterev D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Дегтерев Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Degterev D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дегтерев Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/22590">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/22590</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The concept of multipolarity has come a long way from its categorical rejection by Western politicians and scholars to the strong necessity of taking into account the realities of a multipolar world even by US closest allies. The article is devoted to the analysis of the official discourse, normative and positive concepts of the study of polarity, including system models of international relations, an empirical assessment of the current distribution of power in the world, as well as forecasting the further development of world dynamics. An analysis of the political discourse on polarity over the past 25 years is made and the most significant political figures are highlighted - defenders of multipolarity (BRICS and EU countries) as well as adherents of the unipolar world (NATO countries). The basic theories (mainly of a normative nature) that conceptualize both unipolar discourse (hegemonic stability theory) and multipolar one (theory of multipolar world) are shown. The intellectual segregation between two main approaches to the study of international systems is provided - abstract verbal models of systems vs empirical (quantitative) system research. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the real distribution of power in the international arena. The main approaches and related methodological challenges are considered. Analysis of the relative shares of USA, Russia (USSR) and China in world power based on Composite Index of National Capability (CINC) is provided. The assessment of material potential is complemented by a multifactor (more than 30 parameters) comprehensive study of both “hard” and “soft” power of three countries. The main theoretical approaches to the concept of multipolarity are clarified. The empirical analysis revealed the formation of a “new bipolarity” (USA and China) while maintaining the leading role of the Russian Federation in the field of high politics and global security. It is predicted that China is gradually “trying on” the role of a new hegemon and is already less interested in a radical revision of the current world order. The strategic adaptation of the closest US allies to the realities of a multipolar world is shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последние годы концепт многополярности прошел долгий путь от его категорического отрицания западными политиками и исследователями до необходимости учета реалий многополярного мира даже ближайшими союзниками США. Статья посвящена анализу официального дискурса, нормативных и позитивных концепций исследования полярности в международно-политической науке, в том числе в контексте системного моделирования международных отношений, эмпирической оценки нынешнего соотношения сил в мире, а также прогнозированию дальнейшего развития ситуации. Проведен анализ политического дискурса по проблематике многополярности за последние 25 лет и выделены наиболее знаковые политические фигуры - сторонники многополярности (в странах БРИКС и ЕС) и приверженцы однополярного мира (страны НАТО), показана эволюция данного дискурса. Исследованы основные теории (преимущественно нормативного характера), которые концептуализируют как однополярный дискурс (теория гегемонистской стабильности), так и многополярный (теория многополярного мира). Показана интеллектуальная сегрегация между двумя основными подходами в исследовании системы международных отношений - абстрактными вербальными моделями систем и эмпирическими системными исследованиями с применением количественных методов. Особое внимание в работе уделено выявлению реального соотношения сил на международной арене. Рассмотрены основные подходы к оценке совокупного потенциала и связанные с этим методологические вызовы. На основе Сводного индекса национального потенциала (CINC) проанализирована динамика доли США, РФ (СССР) и КНР от мировой мощи. Анализ материального потенциала дополнен многофакторным (более 30 параметров) комплексным исследованием как «жесткой», так и «мягкой» силы трех стран. По итогам исследования уточнены основные теоретические подходы к концепту многополярности. Проведенный эмпирический анализ выявил формирование «новой биполярности» (США и КНР) при сохранении лидирующей роли РФ в сфере международной политики и безопасности. Прогнозируется, что КНР постепенно «примеряет» на себя роль нового гегемона и уже менее заинтересована в кардинальном пересмотре сложившегося миропорядка. Показана стратегическая адаптация ближайших союзников США к реалиям многополярного мира.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multipolarity</kwd><kwd>unipolarity</kwd><kwd>“new bipolarity”</kwd><kwd>balance of power</kwd><kwd>hegemonism</kwd><kwd>national potential</kwd><kwd>soft power</kwd><kwd>distribution of power</kwd><kwd>world system</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многополярность</kwd><kwd>однополярность</kwd><kwd>«новая биполярность»</kwd><kwd>баланс сил</kwd><kwd>гегемонизм</kwd><kwd>национальный потенциал</kwd><kwd>мягкая сила</kwd><kwd>соотношение сил</kwd><kwd>система международных отношений</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>РФ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research was funded by RFBR and EISR according to the scientific project № 19-011-31681 “Main trends in the formation of a multipolar world”.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и АНО ЭИСИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-011-31681 «Основные тенденции формирования многополярного мира».</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acharya, A. 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