<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20855</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-100-118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>APPLIED ANALYSYS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИКЛАДНОЙ АНАЛИЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>应用分析</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Western Europe through the Eyes of Students of Kazakhstan Universities: Countries’ Images and Driving Force for their Formation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Западная Европа глазами студентов казахстанских вузов: образы стран и движущая сила их формирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yessimova</surname><given-names>Aigul’ Begenovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есимова</surname><given-names>Айгуль Бегеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor in Sociology, South-Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент социологии, Южно-Казахстанский государственный педагогический университет, Шымкент, Казахстан</p></bio><email>ayessimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panarin</surname><given-names>Sergei Alekseevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панарин</surname><given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Head of the Department for the Study of Contemporary East, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, заведующий Центром исследования общих проблем современного Востока, Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</p></bio><email>sergpanar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South-Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Казахстанский государственный педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">China — USA: Coo-petition (Cooperation + Competition)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">КНР — США: конкуренция или сотрудничество</issue-title><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-02"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Yessimova A.B., Panarin S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Есимова А.Б., Панарин С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yessimova A.B., Panarin S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Есимова А.Б., Панарин С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/20855">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/20855</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The image of a country, and especially how the country is viewed from beyond its borders, is becoming an increasingly important resource capable of exerting positive or negative influence in various fields, including international relations. In the USSR, Western Europe was endowed with a dual image of cultural treasury and the territory dominated by classes and forces hostile to the socialist camp. After the collapse of the USSR, Western Europe began to be perceived as a capitalist model to be coped, and it is from those years that the contemporary ideas of the youth in Kazakhstan about its image have being originated. In order to probe them, a pilot sociological survey was conducted in two Kazakhstani universities, one of which is located in the north-east of the country, in the city of Ust’-Kamenogorsk, the second is in the south, in Shymkent. The results obtained allow us to assert with confidence that students do not have a holistic image of Western Europe; their views are dominated by images of individual European countries, and these images differ greatly in the degree of completeness. The most developed images are those of France and Germany, but even they represent no more than a set of widespread stereotypes about the economic, political, cultural characteristics of both countries. It is also striking that the images of Western European countries, which emerge from the students’ answers, are generally deprived of any meaningful and easily recognizable embodiment, i.e. they are very rarely identified with historically, politically and culturally significant personalities. According to the authors, this feature indicates that students view Western Europe most and foremost as a place where their various consumer needs can be satisfied.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Имидж страны и в особенности та его версия, которая воспринимается за ее границами, становится все более важным гуманитарным ресурсом, способным оказывать позитивное или негативное влияние в разных областях, включая и область международных отношений. В СССР Западная Европа и образующие ее страны были наделены двойственным имиджем: в нем соединялись представления о сокровищнице культуры и о территории господства классов и сил, враждебных социалистическому лагерю. После распада Советского Союза Западная Европа стала восприниматься на постсоветском пространстве как образцовая капиталистическая модель, на которую следует походить. Представления молодежи Казахстана об имидже Западной Европы формировались как раз в этот период. С целью их зондирования был проведен пилотный социологический опрос студентов двух казахстанских вузов, один из которых расположен на северо-востоке страны, в г. Усть-Каменогорске, второй на юге, в Шымкенте. Полученные результаты позволяют с уверенностью утверждать, что у студентов нет целостного имиджа Западной Европы. В их представлениях господствует совокупность имиджей отдельных европейских стран в составе региона, сильно различающихся между собой по степени полноты. Наиболее разработаны имиджи Франции и Германии. Но и они, не говоря уже об имиджах стран, меньших по размерам и реже упоминаемых в СМИ, основываются преимущественно на широко распространенных стереотипных представлениях об экономических, политических, культурных характеристиках этих стран. Также бросается в глаза, что имиджи западноевропейских стран, вырисовывающиеся из ответов студентов, практически не персонифицированы - очень редко отождествляются с той или иной личностью, значимой в историческом, политическом и культурном отношении. По мнению авторов, эта особенность ответов может считаться одним из индикаторов преобладания у студентов восприятия Западной Европы как такого места, где могут быть удовлетворены их различные потребительские запросы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>image</kwd><kwd>Western Europe</kwd><kwd>Kazakhstan</kwd><kwd>surveys of students</kwd><kwd>symbolic personification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имидж</kwd><kwd>Западная Европа</kwd><kwd>Казахстан</kwd><kwd>опросы студентов</kwd><kwd>символическая персонификация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adam, F., Hafner-Fink, M. &amp; Uhan, S. (2002). Public Conceptions and Images of the European Union: The Case of Slovenia. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 15 (2), 133-147. DOI: 10.1080/ 1351161022000001278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеенко А.Н. Казахстанский путь модернизации // Вестник Евразии. 2004. № 1. С. 122—151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexeenko, A.N. (2004). The Kazakhstan Road towards Modernization. Acta Eurasica, 1 (24), 122-151. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аубакирова Ж.С. Воспроизводство населения Казахстана: этнорегиональный аспект. Усть-Каменогорск: Либриус, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersson, J. &amp; Hilson, M. (2009). Images of Sweden and the Nordic Countries. Scandinavian Journal of History, 34 (3), 219-228. DOI: 10.1080/03468750903134681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Изд. 3-е. Т. 19. М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1972. С. 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anholt, S. (2007). Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions. Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есимова А.Б., Панарин С.А. Образ и имидж России в Казахстане // Россия и ЕС в Центральной Азии / отв. ред. М.Г. Носов. М.: Русский сувенир, 2008. С. 40—66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anholt, S. (2010). Places: Identity, Image and Reputation. Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есимова А.Б., Панарин С.А. Казахстан: Имидж Западной Европы или имидж стран Европы? // Россия и формирование образа ЕС в Центральной Азии / отв. ред. М.Г. Носов. М.: Русский сувенир, 2009. С. 7—42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aubakirova, J.S. (2010). The Reproduction of Kazakhstan Population: An Ethnic-cum-Regional facets. Ust’-Kamenogorsk: Librius. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Королько В.Г. Основы паблик рилейшнз. М.: Рефл-бук, Киев: Ваклер, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Brokgauz and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890-1907). Vol. XII. Saint-Petersburg. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ольшанский Д.В. Основы политической психологии. Екатеринбург: Деловая книга, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobler, W. (1997). Britain’s Image in Germany: A Survey of Poll Results on German Attitudes towards Britain and Other EU Member Countries. German Politics, 3 (3), 152-165. DOI: 10.1080/09644009708404494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Почепцов Г. Г. Имиджелогия. М.: Рефл-бук, Киев: Ваклер, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Govers, R. &amp; Go, F. (2009). Place Branding. Glocal, Virtual and Physical Identities, Constructed, Imagined and Experienced. Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смелзер Н. Социология. М.: Феникс, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1972). Vol. 19. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Санкт-Петербург, 1890—1907. Т. XII.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holland, M. &amp; Chaban, N. (2011). The EU as an Agent for Democracy: Images of the EU in the Pacific Media “Mirror”. Journal of European Integration, 33 (3), 285-302. DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2011.558898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adam F., Hafner-Fink M., Uhan S. Public Conceptions and Images of the European Union: The Case of Slovenia // Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 2002. Vol. 15. No 2. P. 133—147. DOI: 10.1080/1351161022000001278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korol’ko, V.G. (2003). The Foundation of Public Relations. Moscow: Refl-buk, Kiev: Vakler. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersson J., Hilson M. Images of Sweden and the Nordic Countries // Scandinavian Journal of History. 2009. Vol. 34. No 3. P. 219—228. DOI: 10.1080/03468750903134681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucarelli, S. (2014). Seen from the Outside: The State of the Art on the External Image of the EU. European Integration, 36 (1), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2012.761981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anholt S. Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nye, J.S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. Public Affairs. Ol’shansky, D.V. (2001). The Foundation of Political Psychology. Ekaterinburg: Business book. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anholt S. Places: Identity, Image and Reputation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pardo, S. (2010). Understanding Israeli - EU Relations: A Matter of Perceptions and Images. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, IV, 63-75. DOI: 10.1080/23739770.2010.11446401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobler W. Britain’s Image in Germany: A Survey of Poll Results on German Attitudes towards Britain and Other EU Member Countries // German Politics. 1997. Vol. 3. No 3. P. 152—165. DOI: 10.1080/09644009708404494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pocheptsov, G.G. (2003). Imigeology. Moscow: Refl-buk, Kiev: Vakler. (In Russain). Smelser, N. (1994). Sociology. Moscow: Phoenix. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Govers R., Go F. Place Branding. Glocal, Virtual and Physical Identities, Constructed, Imagined and Experienced. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Therkelsen, A. &amp; Gram, M. (2010). Branding Europe - Between Nations, Regions and Continents. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10 (2), 107-128. DOI: 10.1080/15022250903561903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holland M., Chaban N. The EU as an Agent for Democracy: Images of the EU in the Pacific Media “Mirror” // Journal of European Integration. 2011. Vol. 33. No 3. P. 285—302. DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2011.558898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yessimova, A.B. &amp; Panarin, S.A. (2008). Obraz and Image of Russia in Kazakhstan. In: Russia and EU in Central Asia. Ed. by M.G. Nosov. Moscow: Russian Souvenir, p. 40-66. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucarelli S. Seen from the Outside: The State of the Art on the External Image of the EU // European Integration. 2014. Vol. 36. No 1. P. 1—16. DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2012.761981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yessimova, A.B. &amp; Panarin, S.A. (2009). Kazakhstan: Image of Western Europe or Images of European Countries? In: Russia and EU in Central Asia. Ed. by M.G. Nosov. Moscow: Russian Souvenir, p. 7-42. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nye J.S. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. Public Affairs, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pardo S. Understanding Israeli — EU Relations: A Matter of Perceptions and Images // Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 2010. No IV. P. 63—75. DOI: 10.1080/23739770.2010.11446401.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Therkelsen A., Gram M. Branding Europe — Between Nations, Regions and Continents // Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2010. Vol. 10. No 2. P. 107—128. DOI: 10.1080/15022250903561903.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
