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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20099</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0660-2018-18-3-479-496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEMATIC DOSSIER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДОСЬЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN THE CHÁVEZ ERA IN VENEZUELA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВЕНЕСУЭЛА В ЭПОХУ УГО ЧАВЕСА И СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО ПО ЛИНИИ ЮГ-ЮГ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Briceño-Ruiz</surname><given-names>José</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брисеньо-Руиз</surname><given-names>Хосе</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Political Science, Professor at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор политических наук, профессор Колумбийского кооперативного университета</p></bio><email>bricenoruiz@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cooperative University of Colombia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кооперативный университет Колумбии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Prospects for South—South Cooperation. 	  40th Anniversary of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Перспективы сотрудничества Юг—Юг.  К 40-летию Буэнос-Айресского плана действий</issue-title><fpage>479</fpage><lpage>496</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Briceño-Ruiz J.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Брисеньо-Руиз Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Briceño-Ruiz J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брисеньо-Руиз Х.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/20099">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/20099</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>South-South Cooperation (SSC) has become one of the major trends in the International Relations of the new millennium. Initiatives of political cooperation, economic and technical assistance can be traced back to the 1960’s, for example the Bandung Conference of non-aligned countries or the creation of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) under Ra ú l Prebisch’s aegis [Braveboy-Wagner 2009; Prebisch 1954, 1969]. Nevertheless, the emergence of China and the BRICS and a new period of high oil prices have produced an increased involvement of middle-income states in initiatives of cooperation with other countries of the Global South. Venezuela has been an actor in this wave of SSC during the government of Hugo Ch á vez. Certainly, SSC is not new in the Venezuelan external relations because Caracas implemented programs of cooperation to supply oil in special conditions to some Central American and Caribbean countries since the 1970’s. Example of this were the Puerto Ordaz Agreement, approved during the Carlos Andr é s P é rez administration (1974-1979) and the San Jos é Agreement, a Venezuelan-Mexican initiative implemented in the early 1980’s [Grayson 1985]. Similarly, Carlos Andr é s P é rez played a role in the promotion of a New International Economic Order and in the establishment of the Latin American Economic System (known in Spanish as SELA) [P é rez 1980, 1983]. However, the logic of Venezuelan South-South cooperation was transformed since the rise to power of Ch á vez in 1999 and in particular after his victory in the recall referendum convened in 2004. Ch á vez aimed to transform the Venezuelan foreign policy since the beginning of his government. One of his goals was obviously the deepening of the relations with the Global South. Venezuela as a middle-income country became a driver in the new dynamics of SSC both in Latin America and the Caribbean and beyond the Western Hemisphere. This paper analyses this increasing involvement of Venezuela in initiatives of SCC, in particular the reasons that led Ch á vez to promote those initiatives. Due to the particular narrative furthered by the Venezuelan government to explain its SSC agenda, supposedly based on solidarity, complementarity and cooperation, this paper compares Venezuelan strategy of international cooperation with more traditional forms of North-South Cooperation (NSC). To achieve such a goal, a qualitative methodology is used in the paper based on the review of the literature on international cooperation and on the evaluation of international cooperation promoted by the Venezuelan government.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одним из ключевых трендов международных отношениях нового тысячелетия стало сотрудничество Юг-Юг. Инициативы политического сотрудничества, предоставления экономической и технической помощи в этом направлении можно проследить с 1960-х гг., например, в рамках Бандунгской конференции неприсоединившихся стран или по линии создания Конференции Организации Объединенных Наций по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД) под эгидой Рауля Пребиша [Braveboy-Wagner 2009; Prebisch 1954, 1969]. Последовавшее возвышение Китая и БРИКС и новый период высоких цен на нефть привели к увеличению доли участия стран со средним уровнем доходов в сотрудничестве с другими странами Глобального Юга. В период президентства Уго Чавеса Венесуэла активно участвовала в рамках сотрудничества Юг-Юг. Разумеется, данное направление не является полностью новаторским во внешней политике Венесуэлы. Начиная с 1970-х гг. Каракас поступательно реализовывал программы сотрудничества по поставке нефти на особых условиях в некоторые страны Центральной Америки и Карибского бассейна. В качестве примеров выступают Соглашение в Пуэрто-Ордасе, подписанное во время правления Карлоса Андреса Переса (1974-1979 гг.), и Соглашение Сан-Хосе, венесуэльско-мексиканская инициатива, запущенная в начале 1980-х гг. [Grayson 1985]. Карлос Андрес Перес, используя аналогичные методы и стратегию, оказал значимое влияние на продвижение нового международного экономического порядка и создание Латиноамериканской экономической системы (известной на испанском языке как SELA) [P é rez 1980, 1983]. Однако логика участия Венесуэлы в сотрудничестве по линии Юг-Юг изменилась именно после прихода к власти У. Чавеса в 1999 г. и, в частности, после его победы на референдуме в 2004 г. С самого начала своего президентства Чавес стремился преобразовать внешнюю политику Венесуэлы. Одной из его целей было существенное углубление сотрудничества с Глобальным Югом. Венесуэла как страна со средним доходом стала своего рода локомотивом в новой динамике сотрудничества Юг-Юг как в Латинской Америке и Карибском бассейне, так и за пределами Западного полушария. В данной статье анализируется все более активное участие Венесуэлы в инициативах по линии Юг-Юг, в частности, причины подобной активизации в рамках правления У. Чавеса. На фоне активного использования венесуэльским правительством особой риторики в вопросах диалога Юг-Юг с опорой на принципы солидарности, взаимодополняемости и сотрудничества, автор сравнивает стратегию международного сотрудничества Венесуэлы с более традиционными формами сотрудничества по линии Север-Юг. Для достижения поставленной цели в статье используются качественные методы анализа, включающие анализ литературы по международному сотрудничеству с позиций разных теоретических подходов и оценку международного сотрудничества, проводимого правительством Венесуэлы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>South</kwd><kwd>South cooperation (SSC)</kwd><kwd>Hugo Chávez</kwd><kwd>Venezuela</kwd><kwd>the “Bolivarian revolution”</kwd><kwd>oil diplomacy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сотрудничество Юг</kwd><kwd>Юг</kwd><kwd>Уго Чавес</kwd><kwd>Венесуэла</kwd><kwd>«Боливарианская революция»</kwd><kwd>нефтяная дипломатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation. 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