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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik RUDN. International Relations</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0660</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0679</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject></subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">“Enlightened Policy” in Eighteenth Century Spain: а Russian Eye-witness - Diplomat Stepan Zinoviev</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>«Просвещенная политика» в Испании XVIII в. в депешах русского дипломата Степана Зиновьева</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volosyuk</surname><given-names>Olga Vilenovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волосюк</surname><given-names>Ольга Виленовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Факультет мировой экономики и мировой политики</bio><email>ovolosiuk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Latin America in the 21st Century: Challenges and Prospects</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Латинская Америка в XXI в.: вызовы и перспективы</issue-title><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Volosyuk O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Волосюк О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volosyuk O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волосюк О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/10506">https://journals.rudn.ru/international-relations/article/view/10506</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">This article deals with the process of the establishment of Russian-Spanish relations in the 18th century and the role of one of the most distinguished Russian diplomats at the court of Catherine II Stepan Zinoviev who spent amost 20 years in Madrid (1772-1794). The study is based largely on manuscripts (diplomatic and other correspondence) from the Archives of External Policy of the Russian Empire in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and fills a gap in the research of Russian foreign policy of the 18th century and the Russian-Spanish relations. Catherine’s foreign interests were focused toward the major states of Northern Europe, but she also tried to strengthen the position of the Russian Empire in Europe, to embed the country in the European 'Balance of Power' by establishing diplomatic relations with all European countries. In this sense, the Iberian Peninsula was not wholly without significance for Russia. The political unions of Russia with the outlying countries, as Spain, depended not only on the international situation in Europe in the second half of the 18th century but on the image of the country that was created by Russians who visited Spain at that time. The position of diplomats was particularly important - they were almost the only ones, except for merchants and sailors, who visited that country and it is on the basis of their reports that Russia's foreign policy in relation to Spain was built in the 18th century. Based on the reports of Zinoviev we can reconstruct the images of such important political figures as the King Charles III, Secretary of State Count of Floridablanca and the other ministers of the Spanish government. The biography of the outstanding Russian diplomat - Stepan Zinoviev is presented in this article for the first time.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье рассматривается период установления дипломатических отношений между Россией и Испанией в XVIII в. и роль в этом одного из замечательных российских дипломатов Степана Степановича Зиновьева. Позиция Екатерины II, которая стремилась укрепить роль России в системе европейских союзов, вписать ее в политику «баланса сил», строилась, исходя не только из международной ситуации в Европе во второй половине XVIII в., но и того образа Испании, который создавали русские, оказавшиеся в это время в пиренейской стране, и который внимательно изучали в Петербурге.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Russian-Spanish relations</kwd><kwd>18 century</kwd><kwd>Russian embassy in Madrid</kwd><kwd>Stepan Zinoviev</kwd><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Charles III</kwd><kwd>enlightened reforms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>отношения России и Испании</kwd><kwd>XVIII в</kwd><kwd>российское посольство в Мадриде</kwd><kwd>Степан Зиновьев</kwd><kwd>Карл III</kwd><kwd>политика «просвещенных реформ»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alcázar Molina C. 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