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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Информатизация образования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8631</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-864X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52111</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8631-2026-23-3-289-302</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GDCJCZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AI TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Using Large Language Models to teach legal english vocabulary</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование больших языковых моделей в обучении лексике юридического английского</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8151-6863</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3825-1924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages for Non-Linguistic Specialties</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков неязыковых направлений</p></bio><email>eknikulina986@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-025X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3366-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubleva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рублева</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages for Non-Linguistic Specialties</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков неязыковых направлений</p></bio><email>olgarue@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-7736</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8658-2032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Institute of Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент института управления</p></bio><email>usova-na@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vyatka State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Вятский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>302</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Nikulina E.G., Rubleva O.S., Usova N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Никулина Е.Г., Рублева О.С., Усова Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikulina E.G., Rubleva O.S., Usova N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никулина Е.Г., Рублева О.С., Усова Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/informatization-education/article/view/52111">https://journals.rudn.ru/informatization-education/article/view/52111</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Problem statement. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational practice calls for pedagogically sound solutions to regulate its use in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction in higher education. This study addresses the gap in structured methods for the controlled use of generative neural networks, which has emerged alongside their rapid adoption in professionally oriented language learning. The purpose of this study is to develop, describe and test a three-stage methodology for working with a large language model (LLM) in ESP vocabulary teaching within the context of digitalization of education. Methodology. The study employs a design and development research (DDR) approach combined with a quasi-experimental pedagogical study conducted at Vyatka State University (spring semester 2025). The sample consisted of 24 third-year law students (specialization 40.03.01 Jurisprudence) divided into an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). Methods included theoretical analysis of ESP pedagogy and AI in education literature, pedagogical modelling of a three-stage structure (initial, formative and evaluative stages), and empirical validation through pre-test and post-test assessment using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. A methodologically grounded three-stage model for acquiring legal lexis with the help of a large language model is proposed. Pilot testing showed a statistically significant improvement in vocabulary acquisition in the experimental group compared to the control group as measured by post-test scores (p &lt; 0.05). Qualitative analysis of student interviews revealed three key outcomes: development of metacognitive awareness regarding the accuracy of AI-generated content; acquisition of precise query formulation as a digital literacy skill; and a reinforced understanding of the teacher’s irreplaceable mediating role in verifying domain-specific knowledge. Conclusion. The proposed methodology shows that pedagogically sound use of a large language model does not replace traditional teaching but complements it as a tool for creating learning materials under the teacher’s guidance. Preliminary validation confirms the model’s effectiveness for specialized vocabulary acquisition and its potential for transfer to other ESP domains. This study demonstrates how theoretical design and empirical evidence can be combined in the field of AI-enhanced language instruction, which is important for the didactics of digitalization of education.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Постановка проблемы. Интеграция искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в образовательную практику требует педагогически обоснованных решений, регулирующих его применение в преподавании английского языка для специальных целей (ESP) в высшей школе. Исследование направлено на преодоление разрыва между активным внедрением генеративных нейросетей и отсутствием структурированных методик для их контролируемого использования в профессионально ориентированном языковом обучении. Цель - обосновать, описать и апробировать трехэтапную методику работы с большой языковой моделью для обучения лексике ESP в контексте информатизации образования. Методология. Применен подход, основанный на исследовании в области проектирования и разработки (Design and Development Research), в сочетании с квазиэкспериментальным педагогическим исследованием, проведенным в Вятском государственном университете (весенний семестр 2025 г.). Выборку составили 24 студента третьего курса юридического профиля (специальность 40.03.01 «Юриспруденция»), разделенные на экспериментальную (n = 12) и контрольную (n = 12) группы. Методы включали теоретический анализ литературы по педагогике ESP и применению ИИ в образовании, педагогическое моделирование трехэтапной структуры (начальный, рабочий и контрольный этапы), а также эмпирическую проверку посредством пред- и послетестового оценивания и U-критерия Манна - Уитни. Результаты. Предложена методически обоснованная трехэтапная модель для освоения юридической лексики с помощью большой языковой модели. Пилотное тестирование показало статистически значимое улучшение усвоения словарного запаса в экспериментальной группе по сравнению с контрольной по баллам послетеста (p &lt; 0,05). Качественный анализ интервью с обучающимися выявил три ключевых результата: развитие метакогнитивной осознанности в отношении достоверности ИИ-контента; освоение точного формулирования запросов к нейросети как навыка цифровой грамотности; укрепление понимания незаменимой курирующей роли преподавателя при проверке предметных знаний. Заключение. Предложенная методика показывает, что педагогически продуманное использование большой языковой модели не заменяет традиционное обучение, а дополняет его как инструмент для создания учебных материалов под руководством преподавателя. Предварительная проверка подтверждает эффективность модели для усвоения специализированной лексики и ее потенциал для переноса в другие области ESP. Исследование показывает, как теоретическое проетирование и эмпирические данные могут быть объеденены в сфере обучения языку с поддержкой ИИ, что актуально для цифровой дидактики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digitalization of education</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>vocabulary acquisition</kwd><kwd>pilot study</kwd><kwd>three-stage instructional approach</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>информатизация образования</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>усвоение лексики</kwd><kwd>пилотное исследование</kwd><kwd>трехэтапная методика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev YuV, Pushkareva EA. Digital transformations of the education system: trends, problems, and priorities of personal development (a critical review). Science for Education Today. 2025;15(6):71-96. 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