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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инновационная экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-5607</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of small and medium business in developing the economic potential of Afghanistan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль малого и среднего бизнеса в развитии экономического потенциала Афганистана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musawi</surname><given-names>Bashir Ahmad</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусави</surname><given-names>Башир Ахмад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master's Student, Faculty of Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант, Экономический факультет</p></bio><email>1032199018@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Инновационная экономика</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Инновационная экономика</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48968">https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48968</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic> The article is devoted to the current topic of the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of the economic potential of Afghanistan. The author examined the conditions for doing small and medium-sized businesses in Afghanistan, determined its role in the development of the Afghan economy. The article analyzes the changes that Afghan entrepreneurs faced after the Taliban came to power in Afghanistan. Possible prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Afghanistan are considered.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Статья посвящена актуальной в настоящее время теме роли малого и среднего бизнеса в развитии экономического потенциала Афганистана. Автором были рассмотрены условия ведения малого и среднего бизнеса в Афганистане, определена его роль в развитии афганской экономики. В статье проанализированы изменения, с которыми столкнулись афганские предприниматели после прихода к власти в Афганистане движения «Талибан». Рассмотрены возможные перспективы развития малого и среднего бизнеса в Афганистане.</italic></p></trans-abstract><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afganistan. Blagopriyatnost' uslovij vedeniya biznesa [Afghanistan. Favorable business environment]. Available at: https://russian.doingbusiness.org/ru/data/exploreeconomies/afghanistan (accessed: 25.12.2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афганистан. Благоприятность условий ведения бизнеса [Электронный ресурс]. URL:  ttps://russian.doingbusiness.org/ru/data/exploreeconomies/afghanistan (дата обращения: 25.12.2021)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VVP Afganistana: ob"em, tempy rosta, na dushu naseleniya, struktura [Afghanistan's GDP: volume, growth rate, per capita, structure]. 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